Tunable Hydrogels: Smart Materials for Biomedical Applications (Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, 178)

✍ Scribed by Antonina Lavrentieva (editor), Iliyana Pepelanova (editor), Dror Seliktar (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 256
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book reviews the current knowledge on tunable hydrogels, including the range of different materials and applications, as well as the existing challenges and limitations in the field. It covers various aspects of the material design, particularly highlighting biological responsiveness, degradability and responsiveness to external stimuli.

In this book, readers will discover original research data and state-of-the-art reviews in the area of hydrogel technology, with a specific focus on biotechnology and medicine. Written by leading experts, the contributions outline strategies for designing tunable hydrogels and offer a detailed evaluation of the physical and synthetic methods currently employed to achieve specific hydrogel properties and responsiveness.

This highly informative book provides important theoretical and practical insights for scholars and researchers working with hydrogels for biomedical and biotechnological applications.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
Tunable Hydrogels: Introduction to the World of Smart Materials for Biomedical Applications
1 Introduction
2 General Tunability of the Bulk Material
2.1 Control of Mechanical Properties: Stiffness and Mesh Size
2.2 Control of Biological Functionality: With a Focus on Degradation and Adhesion
3 Tunable Hydrogels as Smart Materials and Applications
3.1 Thermo-Responsive Hydrogels
3.2 pH-Responsive Hydrogels
3.3 Photo-Responsive Hydrogels
3.4 Biomolecule-Responsive Hydrogels
3.5 Electromagnetic-Responsive Hydrogels
3.6 Other Responsive Hydrogel Systems
3.7 Self-Healing Hydrogels
4 Outlook
References
Alginate Hydrogels with Tuneable Properties
1 Introduction
2 Origin and Chemical Structure
3 Ionotropic Gelation Mechanism
4 Methods of Ionotropic Gelation: Internal and External Gelation
5 Enzymatically Controlled GM Sequences
6 Alginate Degradation
7 Modified Alginates
7.1 Covalently Crosslinked Alginate
7.2 Amphiphilic Alginate
7.3 Oxidised Alginate
7.4 Peptide Modified Alginate
8 Outlook and Future Directions
References
Tunable Protein Hydrogels: Present State and Emerging Development
1 Introduction
2 Building Blocks of Protein Hydrogels
2.1 Natural Structural Proteins
2.1.1 Collagen
2.1.2 Silk Fibroin
2.1.3 Elastin and Resilin
2.1.4 Keratin
2.2 The Emerging of Catalytic Protein Hydrogel
2.3 Engineered Building Blocks
2.3.1 Self-Assembling Proteins/Peptides
2.3.2 Cross-Linkers Based on Protein-Ligand Binding
3 Responsive Blocks of Protein Hydrogels
3.1 Temperature Responders
3.2 Light Responders
3.3 pH Responders
4 Summary and Outlook
References
Nanogels Capable of Triggered Release
1 Introduction
2 Sensitive Nanogels Preparation Methods
3 Types of Stimuli: Methods to Trigger Load Release
3.1 Temperature as Trigger for Drug Release
3.2 Photo-Sensitive Nanogels
3.3 pH Triggered Release from Nanogels
3.4 Redox Sensitive Nanogels
3.5 Enzyme-Sensitive Nanogels
4 Triggered Release of Low-Molecular Drugs
5 Triggered Release of Biomacromolecular Drugs
6 Conclusions
References
Aptamer-Modified Hydrogels
1 Introduction
2 Aptamers
3 Classes of Aptamer-Modified Hydrogels
3.1 Aptamer-Polymer Hybrid Systems
3.2 Aptamer-DNA Systems
4 The Roles of Aptamers in Hydrogels
4.1 Sandwich Formation
4.2 Target-Induced Structure Switching
4.3 Target-Induced Dissociation of Complementary Oligonucleotides
5 Applications of Aptamer-Modified Hydrogels
5.1 Biosensing
5.1.1 Biosensing Based on TID Mechanism
5.1.2 Biosensing Based on TISS Mechanism
5.1.3 Biosensing Based on Sandwich Formation
5.2 Release Systems Based on Aptamer-Modified Hydrogels
5.2.1 Sustained Release of Aptamer-Bound Targets
5.2.2 Controlled Release of Aptamer-Bound Targets
5.2.3 Controlled Release of Non-target Molecules
5.3 Aptamers-Modified Hydrogels as Advanced Supports for Cell Adhesion and Tissue Engineering
5.4 Targeted Delivery
6 Conclusion and Perspectives
References
Self-Assembly and Genetically Engineered Hydrogels
1 Introduction
2 Strategies for Assembling GE Hydrogels
2.1 Physically Crosslinked GE Hydrogels
2.1.1 Physical GE Hydrogels Enabled by Specific PPIs
2.1.2 Physical GE Hydrogels Enabled by Metal-Induced Protein Self-Assembly
2.2 Chemically Crosslinked GE Hydrogels
2.2.1 Residue-Specific Chemical Crosslinking
2.2.2 Sequence-Specific Covalent Self-Assembly
2.2.3 Covalent Protein Assembly Enabled by Genetically Encoded Click Chemistries (GECCs)
3 Smart GE Hydrogels Enabled by Protein Self-Assembly
3.1 Photoresponsive GE Hydrogels
3.2 GE Hydrogels Responsive to Stimuli Other Than Light
4 Applications of GE Hydrogels
4.1 GE Hydrogels for 3D Cell Culturing
4.2 GE Hydrogels for Cell Mechanosignaling and Regulation
4.3 GE Hydrogels for Therapeutic Delivery
4.4 GE Hydrogels for Water-Resistant Bioadhesion
5 Conclusions and Outlook
References
Synthetic Biology-Empowered Hydrogels for Medical Diagnostics
1 Introduction
2 Synthetic Biology: Engineering Living Organisms for Diagnostics
2.1 The Concept of Synthetic Biology
2.2 Molecular Switches As Building Blocks for Synthetic Circuits
2.3 Synthetic Cell-Based Sensors for Analytical and Diagnostic Applications
3 Stimulus-Sensing Living Materials: Synergizing Living and Non-living Matter
4 Synthetic Biology-Inspired Non-living Materials: Synergizing Biological Functions and Structural Materials
4.1 The Concept of Designing Interactive Biohybrid Materials
4.2 Enabling Technology: Interfacing Materials with Biological Molecules
4.2.1 Non-covalent Labeling of Proteins
4.2.2 Chemoselective, Covalent Labeling Techniques
4.2.3 Enzymatic Conjugation Methods
4.2.4 Click Chemistry
4.3 Equipping Hydrogels with Biology-Derived Smart Functions
4.3.1 Stimulus-Responsive Biohybrid Hydrogels for Diagnosis and Therapy
4.3.2 Computing Sensor Materials
4.3.3 Information-Processing Materials Systems
5 Future Perspective of Tunable Hydrogels for Medical Diagnostics
References
Gradient Hydrogels
1 Gradients In Vivo as Driving Force of Biological Processes
2 Tunable Hydrogels as Building Blocks for the Creation of In Vitro Gradients
2.1 Types of Gradients
2.2 Methods and Equipment for Gradient Hydrogels Production
2.3 Choice of Material
2.4 Gradient Characterization Approaches
3 Mechanical Gradients in Hydrogels and Their Influence on the Cells
3.1 Stiffness Gradients
3.2 Pore Architecture Gradients
3.3 Topographical Gradients
4 Biological/Biochemical Gradients in Hydrogels
5 Material Composition Gradients
6 Oxygen Gradients in Hydrogels
7 Hydrogels with Combined Multiple Gradients
8 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives
References