Tropical Forest Ecosystem Services in Improving Livelihoods For Local Communities

✍ Scribed by Zaiton Samdin (editor), Norfaryanti Kamaruddin (editor), Sheriza Mohd Razali (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 253
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This edited book covers major importance of tropical forest diversity and its values to vegetation, wildlife, and the local community. It addresses the current issues and opportunities in the Southeast Asia’s tropical forests. This book lays the groundwork for a better understanding of tropical forest ecosystem services. Ecosystem services has four concepts: provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting services. In an era of rapid population growth and increasing pressure on tropical natural resources, ecosystem services have become central to the discussion of climate change mitigation. The values of tropical forest ecosystem services deserve to be the highlighted when it comes to shaping responsible behaviors towards sustainable development goals (SDGs). This book is of interest and useful to researchers and academics teaching in the field of tropical forest conservation, tropical ecosystems, tropical products technology, ecotourism, forest plantation management, bio industrial economy, agroforestry business and marketing. Professionals, foresters, industrial entrepreneurs, ecologists, and a valuable source of reference to the relevant researchers and students in the region.

✦ Table of Contents

Contents
About the Editors
1: Conservation of Tropical Forest for the Well-Being of Community
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The Importance of Tropical Forest
1.2.1 Forests Are a Source of Food, Raw Materials and Medicine
1.2.2 Forest as Natural Ground Cover
1.2.3 Forests as Earth Weather Stabilisers
1.3 Deforestation of Tropical Forest
1.4 The Importance of Tropical Forest Conservation
1.5 The Economic Valuation of Tropical Forest
1.6 Conclusion
References
2: Forest Pathology in Ecosystem Services
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Ecosystem Services in Forest Pathology
2.2.1 Provisioning Services
2.2.2 Supporting Services
2.2.3 Regulating Services
2.2.4 Cultural Services
2.3 Impact of Forest Diseases on Ecosystem Services in Malaysia
2.4 Impact of Agricultural Activities
2.5 Conclusion
References
3: Non-timber Forest Problems: NTFPs in Conservation and Development Initiatives
3.1 Introduction
3.2 What Are NTFPs?
3.3 Commercialisation for Conservation and Development
3.3.1 Marginalisation
3.3.2 Overexploitation
3.3.3 The Bottom Line: Who Do Incentives Incentivise?
3.4 Beyond Extraction: Other Approaches to NTFPs
3.4.1 Local Management for Local Needs
3.4.2 Integrated Management for Commercialisation
3.4.3 Regulation and Rights
3.5 Conclusion
References
4: Characterizing and Assessing Forest Density and Productivity of Ulu Muda Forest Reserve Based on Satellite Imageries
4.1 Net Primary Productivity
4.2 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
4.3 Motivation of the Study
4.4 Methodology
4.4.1 Study Site
4.4.2 NPP and Social Demographic Ulu Muda FR Community
4.4.3 Satellite Data
4.4.4 Data Analysis
4.4.5 Forest Density Mapping
4.4.5.1 Forest Density Distribution by Area
4.4.5.2 NPP Equation
4.5 Results and Discussion
4.5.1 Forest Density Mapping
4.5.2 Forest Density Distribution Based on Area
4.5.3 Forest Density Distribution More than 1ha
4.5.4 Accuracy Assessment
4.5.5 Producer´s and User´s Accuracy
4.5.6 Biophysical and Vegetation Indices
4.5.7 NPP
4.5.8 NPP and Its Impact on the Ulu Muda FR Community
4.6 Conclusion
References
5: Temporal Reduction of Forest Ecosystem Services and Drivers of Deforestation
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Deforestation
5.1.2 Determinants of Deforestation and the Impact of Deforestation in Peninsular Malaysia
5.1.3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
5.2 Deforestation and Impact of Drivers in Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia
5.2.1 Study Area and Conceptual Framework of Deforestation
5.2.2 Hypothesis of the Study and Specification of the Model
5.3 Research Findings: The Impacts of Direct and Indirect Factors on Deforestation
5.3.1 Short- and Long-Run Relationship of Direct and Indirect Determinants of Deforestation
5.3.2 Residual Diagnosis and Model Validation
5.4 Discussion
5.4.1 Government
5.4.2 Private Sector
5.4.3 Community
5.5 Conclusion
References
6: A Trade-Off Analysis of Sustainable Landscape Planning: A Case Study of Sintang Regency (Heart of Borneo), Kalimantan
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Sintang and Sustainable Regency (Sintang Lestari)
6.2 Data and Methodology
6.2.1 Study Area
6.2.2 Data
6.3 Methodology
6.3.1 Land Projection Model
6.4 Results and Discussion
6.4.1 Land Use and Land Cover Changes (LULCC) in Sintang from 2006 to 2016
6.4.1.1 Projection of Changes in Land Use and Land Cover from 2016 to 2030
BAU Scenario
Sintang Lestari (SL) Scenario
BAU Scenario Vs. Sintang Lestari Scenario
6.4.1.2 Further Analysis and Comparison with More Recent Landscape Planning and Sintang Lestari Regulations Is Needed
6.5 Conclusion
References
7: Land Use and Land Cover Change Prediction Using ANN-CA Model
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Materials and Methods
7.2.1 Study Area
7.2.2 Methodology
7.2.2.1 Data Acquisition and Preparation
7.2.2.2 Image Classification and Accuracy Assessment
7.2.2.3 ANN-CA Model Analysis and Validation
7.3 Results
7.3.1 Land Use and Land Cover Analysis
7.3.2 Land-Use Land-Cover Transition Analysis
7.4 Discussion
7.5 Conclusion
Appendix 1: Validation Point Distribution with Global Moran´s Index
Appendix 2: (a) Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and (b) Road Network in the Study Area
Appendix 3: (a) Real Map, and (b) Predicted Map for 2015
Appendix 4: Validation Graph and Kappa Statistics
References
8: Linking Blue-Green Infrastructure to Microclimate and Human Thermal Comfort for Urban Cooling: A Review
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Materials and Method
8.3 Results and Discussion
8.3.1 General Patterns of Returned Articles
8.3.2 Data Collection Process, Blue-Green Infrastructure Structure and Human Thermal Comfort Studies
8.4 Conclusions
References
9: Assessing the Community Participation in Ecotourism at Ulu Muda Forest Reserve, Malaysia
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Community Participation for Ecotourism Sustainable Development
9.2.1 Motivation for Community Participation
9.2.2 Benefits of Ecotourism on Community Participation
9.2.3 Causes of Conflict on Community Participation
9.3 Conceptual Framework
9.4 Methodology
9.4.1 Reliability Analysis
9.5 Results and Discussion
9.5.1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents
9.5.2 Descriptive Analysis of Motivation, Benefits of Ecotourism and Causes of Conflict
9.5.3 Relationship Between Motivation, Benefits and Conflicts and Community Participation
9.6 Conclusion
9.7 Limitations and Future Studies
References
10: Improving Livelihood of Sugar Palm Community in Malaysia
10.1 Background
10.2 Products from Sugar Palm Trees
10.3 Approaches
10.3.1 Availability of Sugar Palm Trees
10.3.2 Industry Visits
10.3.3 Technology Transfer (from Waste to Wealth)
10.4 Products
10.4.1 Sugar Palm Starch
10.4.2 Products from Sugar Palm Sap
10.4.3 Sugar Palm Fruits
10.4.4 Sugar Palm Fibres
10.5 Equipment, Machines and Facilities Developed
10.6 Conclusions
References
11: Local Community Involvement in Mangrove Forest Conservation and Edutourism in Kampung Sijangkang
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Methodology
11.2.1 Study Area
11.2.2 Data Collection
11.3 Results and Discussion
11.3.1 Motivations
11.3.2 Development Process
11.3.3 Achievements
11.3.4 Perceptions on Benefits of Mangrove Forests Conservation
11.4 Conclusion
References
12: The Resilience of the Natural Resource Dependency of Indigenous People in a Wilderness Area: The Case of Virachey National...
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Methods
12.2.1 Site Selection
12.2.2 Data
12.2.3 Analysis Framework
12.3 Forest Resource Dependency of Indigenous People in Virachey National Park
12.3.1 Current Status of Forest Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
12.3.2 Forest Resource Dependency
12.3.2.1 Fishing
12.3.2.2 NTFP Collection
12.3.2.3 Hunting
Box 12.1 Story of a Hunting Household
12.3.2.4 Ecotourism
Box 12.2 Story of the Household with the Highest Income from Ecotourism
12.4 The Driving Forces of Change in Forest Resources
12.5 Co-management for Resilience in Natural Resource Management
12.6 Conclusion
References
13: Reconciling the Values and Needs of Wildlife and Local Communities: A Way Forward to Deal with Human-Wildlife Conflicts in...
13.1 Being Rich: A Biological and an Economic Perspective
13.2 Economic Growth and Human-Wildlife Conflicts
13.3 Market Failure and Wildlife Overexploitation
13.4 Valuing Wildlife Through Various Approaches
13.5 The Way Forward: Wildlife Value Capturing and Inclusion
References