Acute Guillain-Barre ´syndrome is the most common cause of neuromuscular paralysis. Plasma exchange and intravenous immune globulin (IV IgG) are both effective treatments for this condition and the purpose of this report was to compare the cost-effectiveness of these two modalities. A MEDLINE search was performed to identify randomized studies that compared the use of IV IgG and plasma exchange for treatment of acute Guillain-Barre śyndrome to determine if one modality was more effective and/or safer for the management of this condition. A decision analysis was structured around the alternatives facing neurologists who must choose a treatment regimen for patients diagnosed with acute Guillain-Barre ´syndrome who require active therapy. Cost information was obtained directly from product manufacturers and hospital sources. Two head-to-head trials comparing the effectiveness of plasma exchange and IV IgG for treatment of acute Guillain-Barre ´syndrome determined that there was insufficient evidence to suggest one therapy was more effective than the other; therefore, a cost minimization analysis was performed. The costs per patient of plasma exchange and IV IgG for the treatment of acute Guillain-Barre ´syndrome were $6,204 and $10,165, respectively. A sensitivity analysis determined the model was sensitive to the cost of IV IgG. The cost savings per patient treatment for the use of plasma exchange varied from $304 to $6,625 depending on the IV IgG product selected. Plasma exchange and IV IgG are both effective treatments for Guillain-Barre ´syndrome. However, our analysis determined plasma exchange on average was almost $4,000 less costly per patient than IV IgG. Further research is required to determine the impact of patient and physician preferences on the treatment of this disorder.