Transportation Research in India: Practices and Future Directions

✍ Scribed by Akhilesh Kumar Maurya, Lelitha Devi Vanajakshi, Shriniwas S. Arkatkar, Prasanta K. Sahu

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 351
• Series: Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This co-edited book focuses on the state-of-the-art research in transportation in India. Exploring the need for a sustainable transport paradigm in India, this timely book offers solution concepts for mobility and infrastructure challenges faced by local, state, and national transport authorities. The contents provide a holistic understanding of the paradigm, considering several case-studies and study findings from the leading transportation researchers in India. At the same time, it also addresses the pressing transportation related challenges such as road user safety, traffic operation efficiency, economic and social development, non-motorized transport planning, environmental impact mitigation, energy consumption reduction, land-use, equity, freight transport planning, multimodal coordination, access for the diverse range of travellers’ needs, sustainable pavement construction, and emerging vehicle technologies. The existing practices and policies in all the sectors and levels of transport are highlighted in this book with an emphasis on a broader vision for achieving sustainable and inclusive development. The information and data-driven inferences compiled in the book will be useful for practitioners, policymakers, educators, researchers, students, and individual learners. 

✦ Table of Contents

Contents
Editors and Contributors
1 Reflections on 10 Years of TRG’s Journey
1.1 Evolution
1.2 Checking the PDF File
1.3 Mission, Vision, and Objectives
1.4 Creation of Standing Technical Committees of TRG (TCTs)
1.5 Summarizing TRG’s Achievements in 10 Years
1.6 Areas to Work On
1.7 Vision for Future
2 Development in Aggregate Quality Characterization Approaches for Pavement Construction
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Aggregate Source and Type
2.3 Conventional Aggregate Characterization Approaches
2.3.1 Source Properties
2.3.2 Consensus/Shape Properties
2.4 Image-Based Advance Aggregate Characterization
2.4.1 Videographer-40 (VDG-40)
2.4.2 University of Illinois Aggregate Image Analyzer (UIAIA)
2.4.3 Aggregate Image Measurement System (AIMS)
2.4.4 Laser-Based Aggregate Scanning System
2.4.5 X-Ray CT Scan
2.5 Comparison of Conventional and Digital Image Techniques
2.6 Futuristic Application of DIT in Pavement Construction
2.7 Summary
References
3 Research Trends in Materials and Design of Asphalt Pavements
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Recent Developments in Pavement Materials and Characterization, and Pavement Design
3.2.1 Recent Developments in Pavement Materials
3.2.2 Recent Developments in Characterization of Pavement Materials
3.2.3 Recent Developments in Pavement Design
3.3 Emerging Technologies
3.3.1 Emerging Technologies in Pavement Materials
3.3.2 Emerging Technologies in Pavement Design
3.4 Closure
References
4 Driving Behavior Modeling in Mixed Traffic Conditions: Developments and Future Directions
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Microscopic Modeling Approaches
4.2.1 Incorporating Lateral Separation into Car-Following Models
4.2.2 Handling Multiple Leaders in the Vehicle-Following Scenario
4.2.3 Comprehensive Models
4.3 Macroscopic Modeling Approaches
4.4 Recommendations for Future Research
4.4.1 Fundamental Diagram and Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram
4.4.2 Modeling Unique Behaviors of Motorized Two-Wheelers
4.4.3 Behavior on Two-Lane Roads
4.4.4 Intra and Inter-Vehicular Interactions in Non-Lane-Based Conditions
4.4.5 Calibration and Validation of Simulation Models
4.4.6 Naturalistic Driving Studies and Models
4.4.7 Driving Simulator
4.4.8 Connected, Autonomous, and Emerging Vehicle Technologies
4.4.9 Data-Driven and Integrated Models
References
5 Pedestrian Flow Characteristics Over Different Facilities: Findings and Way Forward
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Types of Pedestrian Facilities (At-Grade and Grade-Separated)
5.3 Parameters Related to Pedestrian Flow Characteristics and Infrastructure Geometry
5.3.1 Parameters Related to Pedestrian Flow Characteristics
5.3.2 Parameters Related to Infrastructure/Geometry
5.4 Data Collection Techniques
5.5 Level of Service (LOS)
5.6 Modeling Approaches Related to Pedestrian Studies
5.6.1 Dynamic Approach
5.6.2 Discrete Approach
5.6.3 Continuous Approach
5.7 Application of Soft Computing Tools in Pedestrian-Related Studies
5.8 Concluding Remarks and Way Forward
References
6 Emerging Traffic Data Collection Practices Under Mixed Traffic Conditions: Challenges and Solutions
6.1 Introduction and Background
6.1.1 Characteristics of Mixed Traffic
6.1.2 Unique Parameters of Mixed Traffic
6.1.3 The Data Collection Efforts in Mixed Traffic Conditions
6.1.4 Traffic Data Collection Techniques for Lane-Based Homogeneous Traffic
6.2 Advanced Data Collection Techniques
6.2.1 Video-Based Data Collection
6.2.2 Instrumented Vehicles
6.2.3 Data Collection Using Road Side Units (RSUs)
6.2.4 Driving Simulators
6.3 Development of Comprehensive Datasets
6.3.1 Development of Trajectory Datasets
6.3.2 Naturalistic Driving Behavior
6.3.3 Interaction of a Vehicle With Its Environment
6.3.4 Travel Time Data
6.3.5 Traffic State Information from Application Interfaces
6.4 Application and Future Research Directions
6.4.1 Applications in Traffic Operations and Safety
6.4.2 Beyond Mid-Block Data Collection
6.4.3 Future Research Directions
References
7 Planning for Suitable Walk-Access Infrastructure Components in Various Classes of Urban Bus Stop Catchment Area
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Description of Study Area
7.3 Preference Study on Walk-Access Infrastructure Components
7.3.1 Elicitation of Preference Data
7.3.2 Valuing of Functional Attributes Using Choice-Based Model and Construction of GC Function
7.4 Selection of Suitable Walk-Access Infrastructure Components
7.4.1 Generation of Plausible Improvement Scenarios of Walk-Access Infrastructure
7.4.2 A Comparison of d2d-GC Savings Among Various Improvement Scenarios of Walk-Access Infrastructure
7.4.3 Toward Selection of Suitable Components of Walk-Infrastructure Based on Their Frequent Occurrence in Various Catchment Classes
7.5 Closure
References
8 Crowd Management Guidelines for Mass Religious Gatherings
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Need for Crowd Management Guidelines
8.2 Crowd Management Guidelines
8.2.1 Crowd Control and Safety
8.2.2 Event Planning
8.2.3 Facility Planning
8.3 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
9 A New Framework for Comprehensive Mobility Plans in India
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Methodology
9.2.1 Urban Transport Emissions
9.2.2 Urban Transport Resilience
9.3 Case Study of Bengaluru Metropolitan Region (BMR)
9.3.1 Results and Discussion
9.4 Summary
9.5 Future Scope for Research
References
10 Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) as a Sustainable Transport Strategy for Metropolitan Cities
10.1 Introduction
10.2 TOD Definitions
10.3 TOD Policy for Indian Cities
10.4 Demarcation of TOD Influence Zone
10.5 TOD Typologies
10.5.1 Development of TOD Typology
10.5.2 Recommended FARs for TOD Typology
10.6 Measurement of TOD-Ness at Neighborhood Level
10.6.1 Selection of Potential Neighborhoods
10.6.2 Establishing TOD Criteria/Indicators
10.6.3 Assigning Weights to Planning Criteria
10.6.4 Ranking of Neighborhoods
10.6.5 TOD-Ness in the Transit Neighborhoods of Delhi
10.7 Density and Mix-use Bonus
10.7.1 Taking Advantage of High-Density Urban Areas
10.7.2 Modernize Existing Mixed Land Uses
10.8 Conclusions
References
11 Design and Evaluation of Public and Non-motorized Transport Systems for Sustainability in Indian Cities
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 Concept of Sustainability
11.1.2 Need of Sustainability for Urban Transport
11.2 Objective and Scope
11.3 Framework to Develop Sustainable Transportation
11.4 Sustainable Public Transportation (PT) System
11.4.1 Quality Enhancement of Public Transport System
11.4.2 Sustainable Feeder Transport System
11.4.3 Advanced Parking Facilities at Public Transport Terminals
11.4.4 Advanced Public Transport Information Systems (APTIS)
11.4.5 Restrict/Control Usage of Private Vehicles
11.4.6 Integration of Mass Transportation System
11.4.7 Sustainability Index
11.5 Sustainable Non-motorized Transportation (NMT) System
11.5.1 Footpath Score Based on Types of Obstructions (FOSTO)
11.5.2 Pedestrian Serviceability Measurement (PSM)
11.5.3 Bicycle Level of Service (BLOS) at Mid-Block
11.5.4 Access to Public Transport Stop/Stations (PT Access)
11.6 Concluding Remarks
References
12 Speed-Based Safety Evaluation of Horizontal Curves in Rural Highways
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Safety Evaluation Studies
12.2.1 Local Safety Evaluation
12.2.2 Global Safety Evaluation
12.2.3 Safety Evaluation Studies in Indian Context
12.3 Discussion
12.4 Conclusion and Future Research Direction
References
13 A Global Perspective of Railway Security
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Critical Infrastructure
13.3 Security Breaches in Railways
13.3.1 Passenger Rails
13.3.2 Freight Rails
13.3.3 Characteristics of Attack
13.3.4 Countermeasures Against Cyberattacks
13.3.5 Countermeasures Against Terrorist Attacks
13.4 Security in High-Speed Railway
13.5 Indian Railway System
13.6 Policy Frameworks
13.7 Conclusions and Future Research Scope
References
14 What Drives the Battery-Electric-Bus Introduction in Indian Setting: Operators Perspective and Way Forward
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Relevant Literature
14.3 Data Collection
14.3.1 Questionnaire Design
14.3.2 Participating Operators and Data Collection
14.4 Data Analysis and Results
14.4.1 Analytical Approach
14.5 Results and Analysis
14.6 Conclusions and Way Forward
References
15 Sustainable Freight Transportation Planning and Policies for a Logistics-Driven India: Current State and Future Ahead
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Freight Data in India
15.2.1 Disaggregate Level Freight Surveys
15.2.2 Recent Advances in Freight Surveys in India
15.3 Freight Traffic Impacts in India
15.3.1 Environmental Impacts
15.3.2 Social Impact
15.3.3 Economic Impact
15.4 Emerging Research Themes and Planning Interventions
15.4.1 Freight Traffic Regulations and Truck Electrification
15.4.2 Freight Modal Shift to Bike-Based Alternatives
15.4.3 Last-Mile Delivery Management Using Crowd-Shipping Initiatives
15.4.4 Delivery Automation and Last-Mile Planning
15.4.5 Integrated Land Use and Logistics Planning
15.5 Recommendations for Freight Policies in India
15.6 Conclusion
References
16 Automated Sensors for Indian Traffic: Challenges and Solutions
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Inductive Loop Detectors
16.3 Image Processing
16.3.1 Extraction of Microscopic Variables
16.3.2 Extraction of Macroscopic Variables
16.4 Wi-Fi/Bluetooth Sensors and RFID Sensors
16.4.1 Performance Characteristics of BT/Wi-Fi Sensor
16.4.2 Application of Wi-Fi/BT and RFID Sensor Data: A Few Case Studies in India
16.4.3 Social Media for Traffic Information
16.5 Future Research Directions
References
17 Planning for Traditional and Special Area Requirement Travel Modes—Existing Scenario and Way Forward
17.1 Background
17.2 Non-motorized Transport Facilities
17.2.1 Introduction
17.2.2 Characteristics of NMT Modes
17.2.3 Review of Past Studies
17.2.4 Current Practices and Policy Guidelines
17.3 Pedestrian Facilities
17.3.1 Introduction
17.3.2 Characteristics of Pedestrians Facilities
17.3.3 Review of Past Studies
17.3.4 Present Practices, IRC Codes/Ministry Codes, and Policies in India
17.4 Escalators
17.4.1 Introduction
17.4.2 Characteristics of Escalators
17.4.3 Review of Past Studies
17.5 Cable and Conveyor Systems
17.5.1 Introduction
17.5.2 Characteristics of the Conveyor System
17.5.3 Review of Past Studies
17.6 Research Gaps and Way Forward
17.6.1 Non-motorized Transport Facilities
17.6.2 Pedestrian Facilities
17.6.3 Escalators
17.6.4 Cable and Conveyor Systems
References
18 Air and Water-Based Transportation in India—Identifying the Research Potential
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Air and Water Transport Scenario in India
18.2.1 Air Transport Scenario
18.2.2 Water Transport Scenario
18.3 Future Scenario
18.3.1 Air Travel Sector
18.3.2 Water Transport Sector
18.4 Policies in Aviation and Water Transport Sector
18.4.1 Air Transport Sector
18.4.2 Water Transport Sector
18.5 Future Directions
18.5.1 Air Transport Sector
18.5.2 Water Transport Sector
References