and free cash flow before acquisitions reached DKR 387 M (1H 2008: DKR 289 M). Total costs excluding net financials and tax were DKR 3393 M (+2%). R&D costs rose by 10% to DKR 591 M (1H 2008: DKR 537 M), representing 14% of revenue. For 2Q 2009, sales totalled DKR 2037 M (2Q 2008: DKR 2033 M) and operating profits amounted to DKR 399 M (2Q 2008: DKR 377 M). Novozymes' detergent enzyme sales totalled DKR 1307 M for 1H 2009 (1H 2008: DKR 1263 M). Detergent enzyme sales were negatively affected by consumers trading down to lower-end detergents containing fewer enzymes and by reduced consumption of detergents. There is a continued strong interest across the detergent industry in reformulating future detergents to include more enzymes in place of petrochemical ingredients. For 2Q 2009, detergent enzyme sales amounted to DKR 650 M (2Q 2008: 627 M). Looking at the different geographical regions, Europe, the Middle East and Africa accounted for sales of DKR 1508 M (1H 2008: DKR 1537 M), North America for DKR 1577 M (1H 2008: DKR 1477 M), the Asia Pacific region for DKR 796 M (1H 2008: DKR 763 M), and Latin America for DKR 282 M (1H 2008: DKR 282 M). Sales in Eastern Europe in particular experienced a challenging 1H 2009 due to the global recession and distributors' financial difficulties. Sales of detergent enzymes and enzymes for ethanol production performed well.