Tissue and cell culture as AIDS to sugarcane breeding. I. Creation of genetic variation through callus culture

✍ Scribed by Ming-Chin Liu; Wen-Huei Chen

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 1976
• Tongue: English
• Weight: 634 KB
• Volume: 25
• Category: Article
• ISSN: 0014-2336
• DOI: 10.1007/bf00041572

✦ Synopsis

Four-hundred and seventeen plants from 8 sugarcane varieties were selected among the 4 600 plants that had been generated from calluses of shoot-apices, rolled young leaves and young inflorescences of 58 varieties. They were planted in the field (Field Test-II stage) in December, 1971 and examined for morphology, sugar content and chromosome number in the summer of 1972 and thereafter. The callus derivatives of the 8 varieties differed from their donors in the frequency of morphological changes: F146 (1.8 ~), N :Co310 (2.4 ~), FI61 (4.8 ~), F164 (6.7 ~), F162 (7.4 ~), 56-2080 (15.8 %), F170 (27.6 ~), and F156 (34.0 ~). Auricle length showed the greatest frequency of difference (8.6 ~%); dewlap shape ranked next (6.5 ~); followed by hair group (6.2 ~); attitude of top leaves (1.9 ~o). The sucrose content of callus derivative was increased over their donors by 2 ~ to 12 ~. Chromosome number (2n) varied from 86 to 126 in the F156 derivatives in contrast with the donor's 114 whereas those of F164 varied from 88 to 108 as compared with the donor's 108. The derivatives of F146 generally centred around the original chromosome number of 110 and it is considered to be the most genetically stable cultivar. The cause of the occurrence of chromosome mosaicism in sugarcane is discussed. There was no apparent correlation between morphological modifications and changes in chromosome number.