Front Cover
Time, Migration and Forced Immobility
Copyright
Series information
Table of contents
List of Figures and Tables
Acknowledgments
Preface: A Window into the Lives of Immobilised Migrants at the Borders of Europe
1 Introduction
Sub-Saharan African migrants in Morocco
Aims of this book
Revisiting policy-charged concepts in migration research
Forced immobility
Time and temporality
Ethnography of immobility and time
A brief note about the research context in Morocco
Chapter structure
Notes
2 EU Externalization Policies and their Impact on Migrants in Morocco
Introduction
Migration governance: its justifications and its effects on migrantsโ rights
The tools used to implement and justify containment policies: space and time
Externalizing migration management in space: producing forcibly immobilized migrants as a distinct phase in the migration proce
The migration.development nexus: migrants as humanitarian crisis victims
Conclusion: the existential consequences of migration management on the border of Europe for migrants and refugees
Notes
3 Travelling Adventures: Migration as an Existential Quest
Introduction
Migration as an existential quest
The adventurers
The adventure and its relation to economic and political reasons for departure
When existential reasons develop during the journey
The long road to becoming a successful migrant
The long road to paradise
Moving through the barriers: the regulatory authorities that structure migrantsโ moves and stays
The state and production of papers
The market: public transport, bribes and money
Families, friends and other mediators
Ghettos
Losing control in the desert
Trafficking, smuggling and regulatory authorities
Changing destinations โ changing social location โ changing self
Conclusion: the existential consequences of migratory processes
Notes
4 Arriving in Morocco: Becoming Trapped in a Context of Uncertainty
Introduction
Arriving in Morocco: city confinement and insecurity
Seized time: waiting to become โlegalโ
Governance through uncertainty
Arbitrary abuse of power and lack of state protection
Conclusion: how to confront governance through uncertainty and unpredictability?
Notes
5 Facing Time and the Absurd
Introduction
An introductory note about time
Wasting time: survival in the present
For a man, time is money
Being a woman
Spinning around
Losing the past
When the past is no longer relevant to the present
When the present has no meaning for the past
Losing the future
Facing the absurd
Conclusion
Notes
6 Migrant Communities in Morocco
Introduction
What is community?
Characteristics of migrant community networks: unequal divisions of power and spaces of social agency
Pastor Moses and the Pentecostal church
A trip to Angeliqueโs new home: migrant government structures
Victims or agents?
Activities of community networks: self-esteem, protection and onward migration
The church anniversary and other services
Football, illness and finding the road
Routes or roots, time or place?
Conclusion
Notes
7 Waiting in Desperate Hope
Introduction
What migrants are waiting for and how waiting feels
What waiting does to people: suffering
Waiting is not settlement
Silvesterโs attempts to leave
Following rhythms, believing in God, but not feeling settled
Waiting for others
Who is waiting for whom? Waiting by choosing not to do something
When one cannot stop waiting
Conclusion: waiting in desperate hope โ migration policies in Morocco and time
Notes
8 Conclusion
Introduction
From statist migrant categories to a reconsideration of universal human rights
From economic migrants to migration as an existential quest
Revisiting capabilities for movement and their connection to existential quests: from adventurers to fighters
From social capital to relations of dependence: place in migration theory
From settling and moving to waiting for departure: time in migration theory
From preventing transit to the creation of forced immobility: globalizing migration policies and localized effects
Bibliography
Index
Back Cover