Thyroid Hormone Disruption and Neurodevelopment

✍ Scribed by Noriyuki Koibuchi, Paul M. Yen (eds.)

• Publisher: Springer-Verlag New York
• Year: 2016
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 207
• Series: Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Thyroid hormone plays an important role in development and functional maintenance in the central nervous system. Deficiency of thyroid hormone during fetal and early postnatal life induces abnormal development known as cretinism in humans. However, the molecular mechanism of thyroid hormone action has not yet been fully understood. Thyroid hormone action in the brain may be disrupted under various pathological conditions. In addition, environmental factors including endocrine-disrupting chemicals and bacterial endotoxins may disrupt thyroid hormone action in brain, causing abnormal brain development and functional disruption. This is a first book to comprehensively describe the effect of thyroid hormone disruption in the central nervous system. The first section deals with the disruption of thyroid hormone action at the molecular level. First the authors provide a summary of the possible molecular mechanisms of thyroid hormone action in the brain, then they discuss several factors that may disrupt thyroid hormone action. In the second section, animal models to study thyroid hormone action will be introduced. An interesting character of thyroid hormone deficiency is that, without thyroid hormone, the thyroid hormone receptor may act as a “repressor” of gene expression, causing more severe consequence than those of thyroid hormone receptor knockout animals. Thus, several different kind of animal models may be used to clarify the role of thyroid hormone and its receptor in the brain. In the third section, human studies on thyroid disease and neurodevelopment will be introduced. Although endemic cretinism induced by iodine deficiency and sporadic cretinism by various thyroid mutation are well known, the pathophysiological mechanisms that create each abnormal phenotype are not fully understood. ​

✦ Table of Contents

Front Matter....Pages i-viii
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Mechanisms for Thyroid Hormone Action in the CNS....Pages 3-21
Deiodinase and Brain Development....Pages 23-31
Brominated Organohalogens and Neurodevelopment: Different Mechanisms, Same Consequence....Pages 33-49
Perinatal Infection-Associated Changes in Thyroid Hormone Status, Gut Microbiome, and Thyroid Hormone-Mediated Neurodevelopment....Pages 51-68
Disruption of Feedback Regulation of Thyroid Hormone Synthesis/Secretion and Brain Development....Pages 69-82
Front Matter....Pages 83-83
Animal Models to Study Thyroid Hormone Action in Neurodevelopment....Pages 85-101
Thyroid Hormone Receptor Mutation and Neurodevelopment....Pages 103-117
Using Mouse Genetics to Investigate Thyroid Hormone Signaling in the Developing and Adult Brain....Pages 119-131
Disruption of Auditory Function by Thyroid Hormone Receptor Mutations....Pages 133-150
Front Matter....Pages 151-151
The Impact of Maternal Thyrotoxicosis and Antithyroid Drug Exposure on Fetal/Neonatal Brain Development....Pages 153-167
Deficit in Thyroid Hormone Transporters and Brain Development....Pages 169-182
Syndromes of Resistance to Thyroid Hormone and Brain Development....Pages 183-204
Back Matter....Pages 205-209

✦ Subjects

Neurosciences;Endocrinology;Neurology