Thermodynamics and Equilibria in Earth System Sciences: An Introduction

✍ Scribed by Jack J. Middelburg

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2024
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 93
• Series: SpringerBriefs in Earth System Sciences
• Category: Library

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
Part I Thermodynamics
1 Introduction
1.1 Macroscopic Approach, Yet Everything is Made of Atoms
1.2 Ideal Gas Law
1.3 System, Surrounding and Equations of State
2 The First Law: Work, Heat and Thermochemistry
2.1 Work
2.2 Heat
2.3 The First Law
2.4 Thermochemistry: Enthalpy Changes in Chemical Reactions
2.5 Enthalpy Changes During Phase Changes
2.6 Turning Ice into Steam: Latent and Sensible Heat
2.7 Adiabatic Changes, Lapse Rate, Geothermal Gradient and Potential Temperature
3 Entropy and the Second Law
3.1 The Second Law
3.2 Microscopic View of Entropy and the Third Law
3.3 Macroscopic View of Entropy
3.4 Entropy Changes During Reactions
4 The Gibbs Free Energy
4.1 How Gibbs Free Energy Depends on Conditions
4.2 Phase Equilibria
4.3 Phase Diagrams
Part II Equilibria: Solutions, Minerals, Acid-Base and Redox Reactions
5 Introduction to Equilibrium
5.1 The Equilibrium Constant and Its Relation to the Gibbs Free Energy
5.2 Heterogenous Equilibria, Including Mineral Solubility
6 Acid-Base Equilibria
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Carbon Dioxide Equilibria
6.3 Solving Carbon Dioxide Equilibria
7 Redox Equilibria
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Identifying Electron Transfer and Balancing Redox Reactions
7.3 Redox Potentials and the Nernst Equation
Literature and Further Reading
Index