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Thermal degradation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids during deodorization of fish oil

✍ Scribed by Véronique Fournier; Frédéric Destaillats; Pierre Juanéda; Fabiola Dionisi; Pierre Lambelet; Jean-Louis Sébédio; Olivier Berdeaux

Publisher
John Wiley and Sons
Year
2006
Tongue
English
Weight
161 KB
Volume
108
Category
Article
ISSN
1438-7697

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✦ Synopsis

Thermal degradation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids during deodorization of fish oil

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) of the n-3 series, particularly eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid, have specific activities especially in the functionality of the central nervous system. Due to the occurrence of numerous methylene-interrupted ethylenic double bonds, these fatty acids are very sensitive to air (oxygen) and temperature. Non-volatile degradation products, which include polymers, cyclic fatty acid monomers (CFAM) and geometrical isomers of EPA and DHA, were evaluated in fish oil samples obtained by deodorization under vacuum of semi-refined fish oil at 180, 220 and 250 7C. Polymers are the major degradation products generated at high deodorization temperatures, with 19.5% oligomers being formed in oil deodorized at 250 7C. A significant amount of CFAM was produced during deodorization at temperatures above or equal to 220 7C. In fact, 23.9 and 66.3 mg/g of C20 and C22 CFAM were found in samples deodorized at 220 and 250 7C, respectively. Only minor changes were observed in the EPA and DHA trans isomer content and composition after deodorization at 180 7C. At this temperature, the formation of polar compounds and CFAM was also low. However, the oil deodorized at 220 and 250 7C contained 4.2% and 7.6% geometrical isomers, respectively. Even after a deodorization at 250 7C, the majority of geometrical isomers were mono-and di-trans. These results indicate that deodorization of fish oils should be conducted at a maximal temperature of 180 7C. This temperature seems to be lower than the activation energy required for polymerization (intra and inter) and geometrical isomerization.

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