Theory and Practice in Earthquake Engineering and Technology (Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering)

✍ Scribed by T. G. Sitharam (editor), Sreevalsa Kolathayar (editor), Ravi S. Jakka (editor), Vasant Matsagar (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 375
• Edition: 1st ed. 2023
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book contains diverse topics relevant to earthquake engineering and technology. The chapters are of interest to readers from various disciplines, as the different chapters discuss popular topics on earthquake engineering and allied disciplines. The chapters have adequate illustrations and tables for clarifying underlying concepts. The reader can understand the fundamental concepts easily, and the book is highly useful for practice in the field in addition to classroom learning.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
1 Earthquake Engineering and Technology
1.1 Background and Opening Remarks
1.2 Expertise and Professionals Involved
1.3 Seismology: Why Do Earthquakes Occur?
1.3.1 Genesis of Earthquakes
1.3.2 Finite Element Model for Seismic Activity in Indian Plate
1.3.3 Cause of Earthquake in Himalayan Subduction Zone
1.4 Seismic Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI)
1.5 Earthquake Disaster Management
1.6 Seismic Design Philosophy: Performance-Based Seismic Analysis
1.7 Static Pushover Analysis
1.8 Advanced Dynamic Response Modification Devices
1.9 Seismic Base Isolation
1.9.1 New Seismic Protection Devices—Isolation Systems
1.9.2 Base-Isolated Structures at IIT Guwahati
1.9.3 Tuned Mass Damper(s)
1.9.4 Innovative Structural Control Algorithm
1.9.5 Need for Future Research
References
2 Site Response Studies Application in Seismic Hazard Microzonation and Ground Characterization
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Damage Pattern Associated with Local Geological Condition During Earthquake
2.3 Spectral Characteristics of Ground Motion
2.4 Site Effect on Different Earthquake Ground Motion Parameters
2.4.1 Site Effect on Peak Values (Peak Ground Acceleration and Peak Ground Velocity)
2.4.2 Site Effect on Duration
2.4.3 Site Effect on Spatial Distance
2.5 Methods of Estimating Site Response
2.5.1 Empirical Methods
2.5.2 Experimental Methods
2.5.3 Numerical Method of Ground Response Analysis
2.6 Methodology Adopted for Site Response Study in Indian Cities
2.6.1 Site Response Studies of NCT Delhi
2.7 Geological Dependence of Transfer Function Vis-a-Vis Ground Characterization
2.7.1 Ground Characterization Based on Nature of Spectral Ratio Curves of Horizontal to Vertical Component (QTS: Quasi-Transfer Spectrum) of Microtremor
2.7.2 Ground Characterization Based on Peak Frequency (fo), Peak Amplification and Nature of Spectral Ratio Curves of Horizontal to Vertical Component (QTS: Quasi-Transfer Spectrum) of Microtremor
2.8 Application of H/V Ratio-Based Techniques for the Delineation of Geological Attributes
References
3 Seismic Design of Shallow Foundations: Principles, Design Methodologies and Current Indian Practices
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Shallow Foundation Resisting Mechanisms, Earthquake Loading and Possible Failure Modes, Design Approaches for Various Loads
3.2.1 Resisting Mechanisms of the Founding Soil
3.2.2 Components of Earthquake Loading
3.2.3 Possible Shallow Foundation Failures
3.2.4 Design Against Vertical Loads
3.2.5 Design Against Horizontal Loads
3.2.6 Design Against Moments
3.3 Shallow Foundation Design Alternatives
3.4 Seismic Settlements
3.5 Seismic Design of Shallow Foundations as per IS 1904
3.5.1 Design Against Settlements, as per IS 1904
3.6 Seismic Effects to be Considered as Per IS 1893 Part 1
3.6.1 Influence of Soil Type on Intensity of Shaking:
3.6.2 Increase in Allowable Bearing Pressures in Soils
3.6.3 Accounting for Liquefiable Soils
3.6.4 Other Guidelines for the Seismic Design of Shallow Foundations as per IS 1893 Part 1
3.7 Seismic Design of Shallow Foundations Using Pseudostatic Method as per IS 1893 Part 1
3.7.1 Estimation of Earthquake Loading
3.7.2 Conversion of Earthquake Loading into Equivalent Static Load
3.7.3 Estimation of Bearing Capacity Under Earthquake Loading
3.7.4 Accounting for Soil Strength Reduction
3.7.5 Estimation of Sliding Failure
3.7.6 Seismic Design Procedure as Per Indian Standards
3.7.7 Case study
3.7.8 Central Column
3.7.9 Edge Column
3.7.10 Corner Column
3.7.11 Important Points to Note
3.8 Calculation of Settlements Under Earthquake Loading
3.8.1 Dry Sand Settlement
3.8.2 Settlement of Saturated Sands
3.9 Summary and Conclusions
3.9.1 Steps Involved in the Seismic Design of a Shallow Foundation
3.9.2 Concluding Remarks
References
4 Seismic Induced Pounding of Structures and Its Mitigation
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Conditions and Types of Structural Pounding
4.3 Pounding Damage in Past Earthquakes
4.4 Pounding Models
4.5 Effect of Varying Structural Dynamic Properties and Separation Distance on Pounding
4.6 Mitigation Measures and Codal Provisions for Pounding
References
5 Influence of Soil-Structure Interaction on Yielding of Pile Embedded in Stratified Soil
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Numerical Modeling of Soil-Pile System
5.2.1 Numerical Modeling of Pile
5.2.2 Numerical Modeling of Soil
5.2.3 Boundary Conditions
5.2.4 Validation of Numerical Model
5.3 Pushover Analysis of Pile Embedded in Stratified Soil
5.3.1 Pile Response Due to Pushover Analysis
5.3.2 Effect of Soil Type on Yield Moment of Pile
5.4 Conclusion
References
6 Development of Liquefaction Susceptibility Maps for Vishakhapatnam (India)
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Seismotectonic Details of the Study Region
6.3 Development of Response Spectra for Vishakhapatnam
6.4 Peak Ground Acceleration Hazard Maps
6.5 Liquefaction Hazard Maps
6.5.1 Liquefaction Potential Index Using Stress-Based Approach
6.5.2 Estimation of Cyclic Resistance Ratio (CRR)
6.5.3 Estimation of Cyclic Stress Ratio (CSR)
6.5.4 Factor of Safety for Each Sediment Layer
6.5.5 Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI)
6.6 Results and Conclusions
References
7 Effectiveness of Base Isolation Systems for Seismic Response Control of Masonry Dome
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Base Isolation for Masonry Dome
7.3 Analysis Method
7.4 Simulation of Masonry Dome in SAP2000
7.5 Masonry Dome Installed with Lead Rubber Bearings
7.6 Masonry Dome Installed with FPS
7.7 Nonlinear Time History Analysis
7.8 Comparison of Fixed Base, LRB-Isolated and FPS-Isolated Masonry Dome
7.9 Conclusions
References
8 Rapid Retrofitting of RC Columns Using Fe-SMA for Enhanced Seismic Performance
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Retrofitting Techniques Using Confinement Approach
8.2.1 Comparison of Stress–Strain Behavior of Passively and Actively Confined Concrete
8.2.2 Active Confinement Techniques
8.2.3 Shape Memory Alloys
8.2.4 Fe-Based Shape Memory Alloys
8.3 Parametric Study on Concrete Confined by Fe-SMA Strips
8.3.1 Material Models
8.3.2 Finite Element Model
8.3.3 Results and Discussion
8.3.4 Observations Based on Parametric Study
8.4 Design Methodology Adopted for Rapid Retrofitting Strategies of RC Columns Using Fe-SMA Strips
8.5 Concluding Remarks
References
9 Earthquake Early Warning System: Its Relevance for India
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Brief Background
9.3 Details of EEW Systems
9.3.1 Network of Sensors
9.3.2 Location and Communication Between Sensors and CMS
9.3.3 Central Monitoring Station
9.3.4 Dissemination of Warning
9.4 Need for EEW System in India
9.5 EEW System for Northern India
9.5.1 Region for EEW Sensor Network
9.5.2 Target Location
9.5.3 Performance of EEW System
9.6 Concluding Remarks
References
10 Earthquake Loss Information System for the City of Guwahati, Assam, India
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Seismic Hazard Situation of Guwahati
10.3 Earthquake Loss Estimates: Methodology and Tool
10.4 Ground Shaking, Exposure and Vulnerability for Guwahati
10.4.1 Ground Shaking Modelling
10.4.2 Exposure Modelling
10.4.3 Vulnerability Modelling
10.5 Damage and Loss Computation: Results and Discussion
10.6 Conclusion
References
11 Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment for Hydropower Project Sites in the Himalayan Region
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Brief Description of Study Area
11.3 Methodology
11.4 Results and Discussion
11.5 Conclusion
References
12 On Structure-Equipment-Piping Interactions Under Earthquake Excitation
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Decoupling Criteria
12.3 Direct Method of Evaluating Floor Spectrum Using Design Ground Spectrum
12.4 Approximate Method of Evaluating Floor Spectrum Using Design Ground Spectrum
12.4.1 Approximate Method
12.5 Discussions and Conclusions
References
13 Performance-Based Seismic Design of RC Structures
13.1 Introduction
13.2 PBD Procedure
13.2.1 Assessment and Representation of Ground Shaking Hazard
13.2.2 Selection of Performance Objective(s)
13.2.3 Structural Modelling
13.2.4 Non-linear Analysis
13.2.5 Assessment of Performance and Iterative Revision of Design
13.3 Design Example
13.3.1 Building Model Description
13.3.2 Results
13.4 Conclusions
References
14 Comparative Analysis of SSR and HVSR Method for Site Response Analysis
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Standard Spectral Ratio (SSR Analysis)
14.2.1 Standard Spectral Ratio (SSR) Method
14.2.2 Selection of Reference Site
14.2.3 Dataset and Data Processing of Earthquake Records
14.2.4 Analyses and Discussion
14.2.5 Site Amplification
14.2.6 Observations
14.2.7 Summary
14.3 Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) Analysis
14.3.1 Introduction
14.3.2 HVSR Technique
14.3.3 HVSR Methodology Adopted
14.3.4 Selection of Records
14.3.5 Selection of Time Window
14.3.6 Analysis Results
14.3.7 Site Amplification from HVSR of Strong Motion
14.3.8 Determination of Fundamental Frequency
14.3.9 Determination of Bedrock Depth
14.3.10 Observations and Discussions
14.3.11 Summary
14.4 Comparision of Results
14.5 Summary
References