✍ Scribed by Maltby, Edward; Barker, Tom
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
Abstraction -removal of water from a water body e.g. for irrigation, drinking supply. Acre -0.4 hectares (ha). acres = 1 hectare. Acrotelm -surface layer of peat having a fl uctuating water table, where aerobic decomposition occurs. Adventitious -lateral spread of plants by root growth rather than seeds or propagules. Adventive spread -(usually of plants) introduced species, not yet part of the naturalised fl ora. Aerenchyma -hollow channels in the roots of wetland-adapted plants to allow passage of gases e.g. O 2 or CO 2 between shoot and root. Allochthonous -originating from outside the ecosystem, as in autumn leaves entering a water body (cf. autochthonous). Anion -a negatively charged ion (see cation). Anthropogenic -from human infl uence. Aquifer -permeable or porous rock that allows substantial passage of water. Aquitard -less permeable rock that retains or retards the passage of water. Autochthonous -originating from within an ecosystem, as in primary production (cf. allochthonous). Backswamp -a boggy depression in a fl oodplain beyond the levee. Basiphilous -(plant species) that thrive in baserich (alkaline) environments. Biomanipulation -top-down control of trophic levels (in lakes) to restore water clarity. It involves removal or severe reduction of zooplanktivorous fi sh biomass, and increased stocking of piscivorous fi sh (e.g. pike). C4 -of plants with enhanced ability to photosynthesise under stressed conditions (and usually having Kranz anatomy). Carr -usually alder carr. A temperate swamp. Catchment -watershed. Cation -a positively charged ion (see anion). Catotelm -layer beneath the acrotelm, having constant water content over time and being devoid of aerobic microorganisms. Chroma -soil colour. CO 2 -carbon dioxide. Contact zones -a direct interface between two habitat types e.g. the edge of a lake (cf. interface; ecotone). Cryptodysaptic -(of fens) having a surface horizon of less solid, expandable material which may have a hydroregulatory function (see Money et al.). Culm -hollow stem of grass-type species. Also 'culm grassland': habitat typical of the southwest of England with a predominance of Molinia caerulea and Juncus spp. Darcy's Law (Henri Darcy) -describes the slow fl ow of liquids through homogeneous porous media. Fast fl ow (e.g. in karst areas) does not adhere to the Law. Darcian fl ow -fl ow that obeys Darcy's Law. Eat-outs -cleared areas of marshland that develop pools. Ecosystem Approach -a view of ecosystem functioning that sets the positive and negative elements of human interactions with the environment into a broader environmental context. It helps to facilitate the economic valuation of ecosystems in human terms by accounting for human affects on, and services obtained from, semi-natural environments. Ecosystem services -those services provided by ecosystems in their relatively unstressed state e.g. timber, reeds, pollinators, food, animals for fur, aesthetic appeal, clean water, genetic diversity, educational resource etc.
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