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The water balance of a sub-Arctic town

✍ Scribed by Annette F. Semádeni-Davies; Lars Bengtsson

Publisher
John Wiley and Sons
Year
1999
Tongue
English
Weight
681 KB
Volume
13
Category
Article
ISSN
0885-6087

No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.

✦ Synopsis

Urban water balances dier from their rural counterparts due to extreme spatial heterogeneity, water imported from outside catchment boundaries and changed ¯ow paths (e.g., drainage pipes and impervious surfaces). Urban catchments are characterized by increased peak discharges and fast response times, each contributing to speci®c environmental problems. The water balances of towns in the northern high latitudes are further complicated by snow which represents an energy dependent seasonal water store.

This paper investigates the monthly water balance of LuleaÊ (June 1992 to June 1996), a Swedish town of 71 000 inhabitants 100 km south of the Arctic Circle. The town has snow cover for ®ve to six months of the year and thaw is usually in late April. Data available included daily precipitation, temperature and in¯ow to the Uddebo waste water treatment plant; and monthly potential evapotranspiration, groundwater levels and water supply statistics.

Of interest were the seasonal dierences in runo volumes and ¯ow pathways to the waste water treatment plant and receiving waters. It was found that increased volumes of runo, reduced concentration times and long duration led to ¯ooding and high waste water loads at the treatment plant. The surface water component of sewage originates from direct ¯ow into pipe inlets and in®ltration into sewer pipes. Autumn and spring were found to be the periods of groundwater recharge, although frozen soil can limit water percolation.

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