[Studies in Computational Intelligence]
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Geem, Zong Woo
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Article
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2009
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg
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German
⚖ 415 KB
Calculus has been used in solving many scientific and engineering problems. For optimization problems, however, the differential calculus technique sometimes has a drawback when the objective function is step-wise, discontinuous, or multi-modal, or when decision variables are discrete rather than co