The use of Haber’s Law in standard setting and risk assessment

✍ Scribed by David W. Gaylor

• Publisher: Elsevier Science
• Year: 2000
• Tongue: English
• Weight: 57 KB
• Volume: 149
• Category: Article
• ISSN: 0300-483X
• DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00228-6

✦ Synopsis

Haber's Law simply states that the incidence and/or severity of a toxic effect depends on the total exposure, i.e. exposure concentration (c) rate times the duration time (t) of exposure (c× t). This rule, within constraints, is often used in setting exposure guidelines for toxic substances. Establishing reference doses (acceptable daily intakes) for long-term exposures when only the results of short-term studies are available requires the use of an uncertainty (safety) factor. The value of this uncertainty factor often approximates a value comparable to Haber's Law for extrapolation from short-term to long-term exposure durations. As a default procedure, cancer risk estimates are generally based on the average lifetime daily dose which is derived from the total cumulative exposure, i.e. Haber's (c×t). This has been shown both theoretically and empirically to be valid within a factor of 20 for carcinogenesis. This provides some credence for the use of an additional safety factor of 10, in some instances, for exposures of children to carcinogens. Finally, a generalization of Haber's Law, exposure concentration raised to a power times exposure duration, is discussed.