โ Scribed by Martin McMorrow
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
"A practical, step-by-step guide to writing reflectively at university and beyond"--
Cover
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Who is this book for?
1.2 What is reflection?
Practice task 1a
1.3 What are reflection-in-action, reflection-on-action, reflexivity and critical reflection?
Practice task 1b
1.4 Why do reflective writing?
1.5 How does reflective writing compare to traditional academic writing?
1.6 How to use this book
Chapter 2 Getting your head around reflective writing assignments
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The kinds of reflective writing at different stages of the cycle
Models of reflection
Narrative
Questioning
Critical
Goal-oriented
Practice task 2a
2.3 Common types of reflective writing assignment
Reflective log or journal and note
Critical incident analysis
Reflective report
Reflective essay
Reflective add-on
Practice task 2b
2.4 Conclusion
Chapter 3 Keeping a reflective journal
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Reflection-in- and -on-action
Strengths and limitations of each form of reflection
Reflection-in-action
Reflection-on-action
3.3 Methods of recording experiences
Strengths and limitations of recording methods
Notepad or tablet
Shared online document or blog
Voice recording
Video recording
Practice task 3a
3.4 Getting over the barriers to keeping a reflective journal
Identifying the barriers to reflective writing
Setting realistic goals
Using questions as a prompt for reflection
Using a reflective model as a prompt for reflection
Using creative prompts for reflection
Practice task 3b
3.5 Conclusion
Chapter 4 Reflective planning, time managementand task analysis
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Reflective planning
Getting into a positive mindset
Mindfulness in assignment planning
Goal-setting in assignment planning
4.3 Managing your time
Seeing reflective writing as a project
Planning for the four stages of assignment writing
Planning study sessions
Practice task 4a
4.4 Task analysis
The importance of analysing a reflective writing task
Using the MET framework
4.5 Making a section and paragraph plan
Paragraphs: the building blocks of writing
Paragraph length
Using paragraph length as a guide to assignment structure
Practice task 4b
4.6 Conclusion
Chapter 5 Narrative reflection โ selecting andsummarizing experiences
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Selecting experiences
Personal
Confidentiality
Balance
Content
Professional competence
Ethical dilemmas
Theory
Selection checklist
5.3 Summarizing experiences
Narrative structure
STAR framework
Example: STAR summary of an experience
Situation
Task
Action
Result
Practice task 5a
5.4 Language and Style
Language
Punctuation
Style
Practice task 5b
5.5 Conclusion
Chapter 6 How to question and evaluate learningexperiences
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Taking a new perspective
The problem of closeness
Creative approaches
Same story, different perspective
Practice task 6a
6.3 Coming up with questions
Asking yourself about the elements of your experience
Asking yourself about the content of your experience
Inviting others to ask questions about your experience
6.4 Planning your evaluative paragraph(s)
Making notes for your evaluation paragraph
6.5 Language and style
Expressing distance and perspective
Expressing evaluation
Expressing reflexivity
Practice task 6b
6.6 Conclusion
Chapter 7 How to use theory to write critically aboutyour experiences
7.1 Introduction
7.2 What is theory?
The basic meaning of theory
Using theory as a lens
Philosophies
Models
Concepts
Competences
Principles
The need to distinguish between contested and normative theory
Practice task 7a
7.3 Drawing on normative theory
Introduce the relevant competence, principle or model
Identify any match or mismatch with your experience
Discuss the causes and effects of any match or mismatch
Conclude with a clear statement of learning
Complete framework for a paragraph drawing on normative theory
Practice task 7b
7.4 Drawing on contested theory
Introduce a relevant philosophy and/or concept
Explain how this influenced your original understanding and/or actions
Introduce and apply a different philosophy and/or concept
Provide a clear statement of learning
Complete framework for a paragraph drawing on contested theory
7.5 Language and style
Expressing distance and perspective
Focusing on a concept
Expressing reflexivity
Using and referencing academic sources
7.6 Conclusion
Chapter 8 How to set out new learning and actiongoals
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Specific
8.3 Measurable
8.4 Achievable
8.5 Relevant
8.6 Time-restricted
8.7 Language and style
Practice task 8a
Practice task 8b
8.8 Conclusion
Chapter 9 How to complete and edit a reflectiveassignment
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Writing the introduction to your reflective assignment
The elements of an introduction
Introducing the topic
Covering the other elements of an introduction
9.3 Writing the conclusion to your reflective assignment
The importance of the conclusion
The elements of a conclusion
Practice task 9a
9.4 Editing and proofreading your reflective assignment
What to do if your draft is too short
What to do if your draft is too long
Improving the flow
Proofreading
Practice task 9b
9.5 Conclusion
Chapter 10 How to write reflectively as a professional
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Reflective writing for employability and problem solving
Employability
Problem solving
Practice task 10a
10.3 Reflective writing for continuing professional development
Keeping a reflective journal for CPD
Reflective writing for performance appraisal
Practice task 10b
10.4 Conclusion
Feedback on practice tasks
Answers to practice task 2a
Answers to practice task 2b
Answers to practice task 3a
Answers to practice task 4b
Answers to practice task 5a
Answers to practice task 5b
Answers to practice task 6a
Answers to practice task 6b
Answers to practice task 7a
Answers to practice task 7b
Answers to practice task 8a
Answers to practice task 8b
Answers to practice task 9a
Answers to practice task 9b
Answers to practice task 10a
Answers to practice task 10b
References
Appendix A: The language of reflection
Description
Feelings
Evaluation
Critical analysis (with reference to theory)
Conclusions
Action plan
Reflections on course readings or lectures
Appendix B: Complete examples of reflective writing
1. A reflective log and note (Medicine: The 4 Rs)
2. A critical incident analysis (Midwifery: Gibbs)
3. A critical incident analysis (Education: What? So what? Now what?)
4. A reflective report (Tourism: STARES)
5. A reflective essay (Management: Kolb)
6. A reflective add-on (English/Drama: What? So what? Now what?)
Index
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