t hc successful dcveloyment of tlic liugc deposits of s:ilphur iii Louisinnn by Frnscli from 1894 to 1903, ~l t i ~1 1 forccd the closing of R niiniber of Clinnce sulpliur recovery p1nut.s. Wlicn tlic United Alkali Company erected n S o l v q process phiit, it was npparcnt that the I,e Blnnc ninuufactiirers u-crc nt least. losing fiiitli in the process t h y Irnd so cnrcfdly fostcrcd.
N'Iicii tlie Ciistncr clcctrblytic mcrcury cell ivns iiistalled on ;I coinniercinl scale at. Wcstoii Poiiit in 1997, i t i closc prosiniity t,o t Iic Solvay intiust,ry, ~nid using brim obtained froin the snnic salt. beds, tltc Le Blnnc ~111111factnrers ltirist llnre li110\-11, :dt h o ~g l i 110 iuiincdintc change \-as niadc in their policy, t h t t.licir process \.as tloonicd. The i~cw situation was this. 'f'hc electrolytic process itintle good cnust-ic s o h and stronger clilorinc gas, required h v c r operat.ors, nncI hat1 n complete :ibscncc of bulkjwaste. Obviously titc blou-fell 011 tllc Le Jllat~c proccss, 1%-lticli siucc! tlie od\wit of SOl\7iis alkali had conccntrnted on cnust,ic socla n i d clilorinc. l!ltc TAc Rlauc process lingered on unt,il t.lic grunt; war in 1914, wlicn, due to n Inrgc, iinnicdintc deninnd for clilorinc gas, it w s given a tctupornry boost, hiit in 191.5 tlic United Alkali Coiiipniiy closed all its Lc nlnnc plants nud installed t.lic electrolytic process.
Prom tlie forcgoiug we sce tlic Lc 131noc process siicconibcd to the Solvny process, nud t,llat tlic clcct,rolytic ~l i l ~~-i ~l l i : i l i process fell heir to the chlorine 1)itsiiicss of t h c Ilc Ulnnc process, {vith cIectrolyt.ic cnustic soda as a competitor of noidectrolytic cnust,ic soda to t,ltc extent. that clilorinc could bc t i d e and nscd.
Tlic modcni devcloptucllt. and progresss of clilorinc iiianufnctiirc, irsidc from the cell dcvclopincnt, is largely hound up in t h rise of liquid cltloriuc irud tlic dcclitic of bleaching poivilcr. Conimerciul liquid clilorine tirade its first nl)1)cariiilcc in Crcrtiinuy in 1S8S, :ind tliiit ycnr marked tho bcgiuiiing of tlic dcclinc of blcnclting poivdcr in Gcrmaiiy. This coudition did iiot obt,siii in 15iigl:laud, and did not l q $ t i in the United Stntcs of Atnericri or in Cnuada iintil1'3OD. lrlie Gcrniirn iiinnufact~trcrs iiiridc coiisitlcrahlc eRorts to introilucc liquid cliloriiia iiito ICnglnud i i l i d iut,o the Uiiitcd Stntcs of America. 'l!lic llnglislt trudit.ioiiai use of Ltleacliiug powlcr, niid tlrc intrciiclicd position of t,lic Lo Blntic process, w r e too strroiig for 11 rapid capturc of the cliloriiic market., rind e w i now Eiiglnnd holds 011 t.0 tlic trndit,ion t.0 ir oonsidcrnble cstciit, altJioiigli tltc Lc Ulnuc soda process ]ins goiic.
'l'h Ucniiiw introduction of liquid cIilorine into tIic Unitcrl Sttrtcs of htncrica antounted to lithlc, Liit lnrgcly for dilfcrent reasoils. Thcrc wns tlie blencliing 1)o\vdcr tmdition, RS in lStiglimI, init t,lie controllittg factors were tlint thcrc was n Iienvy duty on tlic stccl coiitiriucrs 3lid citillcss cwtoriis rctl tnpc ia sccuring ciir niarkiug of tltc cylindcrs or drawbtrck of tlic entry, niid tht; shiptncnts wcrc confiucrl to dcclc loads, suhjcct to instant jettison in tho event, of v:llvc or cylinder leaks. !rhcsc conditions nindc nrrivds uucertnin nnd insumncc and costs bothcrsomc. Proin tho introduction of 1;ltc niniiufacture ol liquid clilorine in tllc United Gt.ntcs of Auicricn in 1.909, nttd in Crrtinda in 1932, thc use of blenching I J O W 1 C r c~cc~itiocl fairly steadily in thcso coiintrics, niid tlic dcoliiic is' still in progress. Thc cconoiiiics and ~iiehlior~s of itatidling nnd diipping liquid chlorinc htrvc becu clescribed n t length,+ nnd will not. bc rcpcntcd Iierc.