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The salinity of Djibouti's aquifer

✍ Scribed by I. Houssein; M. Jalludin


Book ID
103931971
Publisher
Elsevier Science
Year
1996
Tongue
English
Weight
573 KB
Volume
22
Category
Article
ISSN
1464-343X

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✦ Synopsis


Fresh water supplied to Djibouti town is essentially groundwater located in the fractured Gulf and Somali basalt aquifers. About 30 wells (3 to 6 km inland from the sea) are exploited and provide water of rather poor quality (TDS between 1000 mg 1-l and 2800 mg 1-l). A sea water interface has been recognized locally some 3.8 km from the sea at 35 m below sea level. However, a well at Hidka Gisiyed, some 11 km from the sea, also contains water with high salinity (TDS=14,000 mg 1-l) at depth. The over-exploitation of the aquifer and the high pumping rate are contributing to an increase in the salinity due to the intrusion of sea water, as shown by the chemical results. The Hidka Gisiyed saline water is another possible source of saline water at depth. The isotopic results from part of the Djibouti aquifer have shown that current recharge from local rain or surface runoff is occurring. An understanding of factors influencing the evolution of the salinity will allow the better management of the aquifer. Resume -L'eau deuce qui alimente la ville de Djibouti provient essentiellement d'une nappe phreatique local&e dans les aquif+res de basaltes fractures du Golfe et de la Somalie. Une trentaine de forages (situ& g l'int&ieur des terres a des distances de 3-6 km de la mer) sont en exploitation et fournissent une eau de qualit plut8t mkdiocre (TDS entre 1.000 mg 1-l et 2.800 mg 1-l). Un interface avec de l'eau de mer a et& rep&e localement g environ 3,s km de la mer et B 35 m sous le niveau de l'oc&n. Par ailleurs, un forage a Hidka Gisiyed B quelque 11 km de la mer, a egalement livre en profondeur une eau a salinite elevee (TDS = 14.000 mg 1-l). La sur-exploitation de l'aquifcre et les taux de pompage 6leves contribuent & l'accroissement de la salinitk due B l'intrusion d'eau de mer, ainsi que l'indiquent les r&ultats chimiques. L'eau saline de Hidka Gisiyed represente une autre source d'eau saline en profondeur. Les resultats isotopiques d'une partie de l'aquif+re de Djibouti ont montre qu'une recharge actuelle de la nappe s'opere g partir de pr&ipitations locales ou d'&oulement de surface. La compr6hension des facteurs contrBlant l'&olution de la salinite permettront une meilleure gestion de l'aquif&re.


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