The Routledge Handbook of Sign Language Translation and Interpreting (Routledge Handbooks in Translation and Interpreting Studies)

✍ Scribed by Christopher Stone (editor), Robert Adam (editor), Ronice Müller de Quadros (editor), Christian Rathmann (editor)

• Publisher: Routledge
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 605
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This Handbook provides the first comprehensive overview of sign language translation and interpretation from around the globe and looks ahead to future directions of research.

Divided into eight parts, the book covers foundational skills, the working context of both the sign language translator and interpreter, their education, the sociological context, work settings, diverse service users, and a regional review of developments. The chapters are authored by a range of contributors, both deaf and hearing, from the Global North and South, diverse in ethnicity, language background, and academic discipline. Topics include the history of the profession, the provision of translation and interpreting in different domains and to different populations, the politics of provision, and the state of play of sign language translation and interpreting professions across the globe.

Edited and authored by established and new voices in the field, this is the essential guide for advanced students and researchers of translation and interpretation studies and sign language.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
Series Information
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Contributors
Introduction
Overview
Part 1 Cognitive Processes and Theoretical Foundations
1 Multimodal-Multilingual Interpreting: Signed–spoken Interactions
Introduction
Overview
Multimodal-multilingual Interpreters
Multimodal-multilingual Interactions
Critical Issues and Topics
Emerging Debates
Building Competencies and Skills
Conclusions and Future Directions
Questions for Consideration
Notes
Further Reading
References
2 Interpreting Aptitude
Introduction
Overview
Language Aptitude
Perceptual Motor Skills
General Language Learning
Cognitive Aptitude
Psychological Aptitude
Critical Issues and Topics
Language Fluency Before Interpreter Training
Deaf Interpreter Aptitude
Tolerance of Ambiguity
Local Solutions Not Global
Emerging Debates
Multilingual Languaging Aptitude
Bimodal Language Control
The Role of Stress in Different Domains
Conclusions and Future Directions
Questions for Consideration
Further Reading
References
3 Directionality in Translation and Interpreting
Introduction
Overview
Directionality in Translation
Directionality in Spoken Language Simultaneous Interpreting
B-to-A Simultaneous Interpreting Is Better
A-to-B Simultaneous Interpreting Is Superior
Critique of the Opposing Views
Directionality Preferences
Directionality Effects On Spoken Language Simultaneous Interpretation
Directionality Effects On Spoken Language Interpreters’ Use of Strategies
Directionality in Signed Language Simultaneous Interpreting
Directionality Preferences
Directionality Effects On Signed Language Simultaneous Interpretation
Directionality Effects On Signed Language Interpreters’ Use of Strategies
Critical Issues and Topics
Emerging Debates
Conclusions and Future Directions
Questions for Consideration
Notes
Further Reading
References
Part 2 Sign Language Translation
4 A History of Deaf and Hearing Interpreters in France From the High Middle Ages to the Present Day
Introduction
Overview
Era of Deaf Lords and Their Interpreters: From the High Middle Ages to the 18th Century
The Monks and the Silence
The Deaf in the Justinian Code
Innocentus III and the Signs
Anthoine De Laincel (1525–1610)
Etienne De Fay (1668–ca 1740)
The Rise and Fall of Deaf Interpreters, Until Their Revival: From the 18th Century to the Beginning of 21st Century
Critical Issues and Topics
Emerging Debates
Conclusions and Future Directions
Questions for Consideration
Notes
Further Reading
References
5 Media Team Interpreting: A New Support Role Arising
Introduction
Overview
Situational Context and Background
Objectives
Critical Issues and Topics
Methodology
Theoretical Framework
Stress Factors
Emerging Debates
Conclusions and Future Directions
Questions for Consideration
Further Reading
References
6 Sign Language Translation: Team Translation
Introduction
Overview
Professional Guidelines
Critical Issues and Topics
The Team Members and Their Roles
Translation Processes
Emerging Debates
Practical, Socio-Professional, and Political Implications of Team Translation
Conclusions and Future Directions
Questions for Consideration
Notes
Further Reading
References
Part 3 Sign Language Interpreting
7 A History of Interpreting in Deaf Communities
Introduction
Overview
Deaf Practitioners in History
International Events
The Modern Period
Emerging Debates
Interpreter Organisations
The UNCRPD and Sign Language Rights
The History of Sign Language Interpreting and Translation
Critical Issues and Topics
Deaf Interpreters and Translators
Sign Language Interpreter and Translator Training
Conclusion and Future Directions
Questions for Consideration
Notes
Further Reading
References
8 Intersectionality of the Sign Language Interpreter Identity: An African Perspective
Introduction
Overview
In Search of an African Identity
The Tri-Dimensional Model of Identity
Personal Identity
Relational Identity
Social Identity
Professional Identity
Critical Issues and Topics
Sign Language Interpreting Epistemology
Interpreter Training and Education in Africa
Intersectionality
Bronfenbrenner’s Framework
Emerging Debates
Construction of Identity Through Social Media
Acculturation of African Sign Language Interpreters
Translanguaging Model for Sign Language Interpreting
The Sankofa Interpreting Model (SIM)
Linguistic, Semiotic Repertoire
Interpreting Epistemology
Translanguaging Situated Action
Critical Reflection
Conclusions and Future Directions
Questions for Consideration
Notes
Further Reading
References
9 Media and Emergency Interpreting
Introduction
Overview
The UN CPRD
Media Landscapes
Interpreting Provision Models
Influences On Media Interpreting?
The Deaf Translation Norm
Creating a Comprehendible Product
Systematic Training
Emergency Media Access: A Double-Edged Sword?
Emerging Debates
Standing Next to Or Beamed In?
The Rise of the Rock Star
Critical Issues and Topics
Who Provides Access?
Deaf Teams
Training for Specialisation and Required Skill Sets
Conclusions and Future Directions
Questions for Consideration
Notes
Further Reading
References
10 Team Interpreting
Introduction
Overview
A Brief History of Team Interpreting
Reasons for Hiring Various Types of Teams
Settings in Which Various Teams Tend to Work
How Various Teams Work Together
Teams of Like Interpreters
Intermediary Teams
Critical Issues and Topics
Emerging Debates
Conclusions and Future Directions
Questions for Consideration
Further Reading
References
Part 4 Sign Language Translation and Interpreting Education
11 Translation as a Pedagogical Tool
Introduction
Background
Overview
Research On Sign Language Learning
Curriculum Development
Critical Issues and Topics
Mediation Skills
Translation as a Pedagogical Tool
Deaf Community Engagement
Emerging Debates
Conclusions and Future Directions
Questions for Consideration
Notes
Further Reading
References
12 Discourse Analysis to Develop Interpreting and Translation Competency
Introduction
Overview
Concepts in Discourse Analysis
Discourse Is Interactive
Discourse Is a Series of Choices
Discourse Meaning Emerges
Discourse Is Context
Natural Language Data
Critical Issues and Topics
Discourse Mapping
Situated Learning
Cognitive Reflection
Think-Aloud Protocols
Directed Reflections
Stimulated Reflections
Emerging Issues
Perspectives From the Discourse of Others
Perspectives From Multimodal Discourse
Perspectives From Sociology
Perspectives From Cognitive Linguistics
Conclusions and Future Directions
Questions for Consideration
Notes
Further Reading
References
13 Wait Now, Let Me Think: Consecutive Interpreting Revisited
Introduction
Framing: Despite Evidence
Overview
Critical Issues and Topics
Cognitive Models
Pedagogical Approaches and Ideologies
Current Curriculum Design in Spoken and Signed Language Programmes
Deaf Interpreters and Ideologies
Dangers of Gatekeeping in Consecutive Interpreting
Migration and Immigration
Technology and the Push to Abandon Consecutive Interpreting
Wait a Minute… Consecutive Interpreting in VRS Work
Preparing the Next Generation of Thought Leaders and Educators
Emerging Debates
Conclusions and Future Directions
Questions for Consideration
Notes
Further Reading
Related Topics
References
14 The Intermodal Simultaneous Interpreting Process
Introduction
Overview
Theoretical Framework
Methods
Task
Participants
Hypothesis and Findings
Profile of Participants
Critical Issues and Topics
Views On Professional Practice
Simultaneous Interpreting
Emerging Debates
Lengthening in Simultaneous Interpreting to Libras
Lengthening and Research Findings
Conclusions and Future Directions
Questions for Consideration
Notes
Further Reading
References
Part 5 The Politics of Translation, Interpreting, and Service Delivery
15 Developing Deaf Jurisprudence: The Role of Interpreters and Translators
Introduction
Overview
Deaf-disabled Rights
Language Minority Rights
Deaf-disabled and Language Minority Rights
Critical Issues and Topics
The Deaf Legal Dilemma
The Limitations of Deaf-Disabled and Language Minority Rights
The Role of Interpreters and Translators in Deaf-Disabled and Language Minority Rights
Monolingual and Interpreted Services
Interpreters and Translators as Advocates and Allies
Emerging Debates
Do Deaf People Have a Disability?
Are ‘Reasonable Accommodations’ Fit for Purpose?
Should Services Be Monolingual Or Interpreter-Mediated?
Should Interpreters Be Advocates of and Allies for the Deaf Community?
Conclusions and Future Directions
Human Rights Model of Disability
The Impact of Sign Language Recognition
Questions for Consideration
Further Reading
References
16 The Trajectory of the Deaf Interpreter and Translator of International Sign Language: Lessons From Juan Carlos Druetta in South America
Introduction
Overview
The Life History of Juan Carlos Druetta
Critical Issues and Topics
Emerging Debates
Methodology
The Interview: Telling Juan Druetta’s History
When Did Druetta First Come Into Contact With International Sign Language?
Historical Developments
Druetta’s Contribution for Research On Translation and Interpretation
International Sign Language in South America: Training and Circulation of Knowledge
International Sign Language Interpreter Accreditation
The Importance of Deaf Interpreters
Conclusion and Future Directions
Questions for Consideration
Notes
Further Reading
References
17 Challenges in the Professionalisation of Sign Language Interpreting in Uganda
Introduction
Overview
Critical Issues and Topics
The Professionalisation of Sign Language Interpreting
Training
Professional Associations
Providers and Purchasers Services
The Historical Development of UgSL Interpreting Training at Kyambogo University
Emerging Debates
Research Study On UgSLI and Findings Regarding the Status of SLI
Training Challenges
Providers and Purchaser Services Challenges
Accreditation
Meeting the Challenges of Professionalisation in Uganda
Conclusions and Future Directions
Questions for Consideration
Notes
Further Reading
References
18 Deaf Professional/designated Interpreter Paradigm Revisited
Introduction
Overview
Critical Issues and Topics
Deaf Professionals’ Translated Deaf Self
Perceptions of the DI’s Roles and Responsibilities
Emerging Debates
Social and Network Interpreting
Designated Or Preferred Interpreter
Conclusions and Future Directions
Questions for Consideration
Further Reading
References
19 The Interpreting Team: The Integration of Strategies Used During the Conference Interpreting Process in the Booth
Introduction
Overview
Team Interpreting as Research Object
Critical Issues and Topics
Teamwork
Emerging Debates
Support Strategies in the Libras–Portuguese Interpreting Booth
Conclusion and Future Directions
Issues for Future Debate
Questions for Consideration
Further Reading
References
Part 6 Public Service Settings
20 Interpreting in the Clinical Setting: Deaf Patients and Access to Healthcare in the United States
Introduction
Overview
Interpreters – Working With, For, Or Against Deaf Patients
Critical Issues and Topics
Medical Corporatisation
Framing Access
The Play of Power
Emerging Debates
Technologising Interpreter Service
Decision-making in the Current Age
Training and Certification
Conclusions and Future Directions
Questions for Consideration
Further Reading
References
21 Collaboration: Sign Language Interpreters and Clinicians Working Together in Mental Health Settings
Introduction
Overview
The Emergence of a Specialty
Critical Issues and Topics
What Makes a Qualified Interpreter?
Boundaries and Alliances
Concerns With Interpreter Certification
Exploring Qualifications of a Mental Health Interpreter
Thought Worlds
Psycholinguistic Errors and Other Language Considerations
Neutrality, Secondary Trauma, and Self Care
Emerging Debates
Consecutive Interpreting
Confidentiality, Collegiality, and Collaboration
Use of Deaf and Native Signing Individuals in Non-Clinical Roles
Training Interpreters and Clinicians Collaboratively
Conclusions and Future Directions
Questions for Consideration
Further Reading
References
22 Interpreting in Police Settings
Introduction
Overview
Critical Issues and Topics
Understanding Policing
The Dependence On Sign Language Interpreting in Policing Contexts
Deaf People’s Concerns
Interpreters’ Concerns
Interpreter-mediated Police Interviews
Sign Language Interpreter-Mediated Police Interviews
Emerging Debates
Interpreting Frontline Police–citizen Interactions
Responding to VRS Calls From Deaf Citizens
Conclusions and Future Directions
Questions for Consideration
Note
Further Reading
References
23 Courtroom Interpreting: Creating Access for Linguistic Minorities
Introduction
Overview
Critical Issues and Topics
Unique Characteristics of Legal Discourse and the Courtroom
Trust
Training
Jurors and Juries
Emerging Debates
Deaf Interpreters
Video Remote Interpreting Versus Video Relay Interpreting?
Social Psychology and the Courtroom
Research
Conclusion and Future Directions
Questions for Consideration
Notes
Further Reading
References
24 An Overview of Libras–Portuguese Translation and Interpretation in the Legal Sphere
Introduction
Overview
Europe and North America
Brazil
Critical Issues and Topics
Emerging Debates
Conclusions and Future Directions
Questions for Consideration
Notes
Further Reading
References
Part 7 Diverse Linguistic-Cultural Deaf Communities
25 Diverse Challenges for Deaf Migrants When Navigating in Nordic Countries
Introduction
Terminology
Forced Migration and Disability/deafness
Overview
Previous Research On Deaf Migrants
Critical Issues and Topics
Fluency in National Sign Languages
Lack of Shared Languages Between Deaf Migrants and Interpreters
The Age of Migration
Emerging Debates
Research Sensitivities
Asylum Hearings
Conclusion and Future Directions
Questions for Consideration
Notes
Further Reading
References
26 Interpreting for Deaf Children
Introduction
Overview
A Brief History of Educational Interpreting
The Individuals With Disabilities Act (IDEA), USA
The Preparation of EIs
Growing Trend of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students in General Educational Settings
Professionalising Educational Interpreters
RID and the NAIE
Critical Issues and Topics
Qualifications of Educational Interpreters
Role and Responsibilities of Educational Interpreters
Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students’ Comprehension of Educational Interpreters
Perspectives of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students Towards Educational Interpreting
Emerging Debates
Deaf Interpreters as Educational Interpreters
What Makes DIs Different From Hearing Interpreters?
Additional Roles and Responsibilities of Educational Interpreters
Educational Interpreters as a Sign Language Model for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children
Educational Interpreters as a Cultural Model for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children
Educational Interpreters as Experts in Deaf Education Content, Knowledge, and Pedagogy
Educational Interpreting as a Helpful Or Harmful Factor in Deaf Education
Conclusions and Future Directions
Redefining Educational Interpreters in the 21st Century
National Standards for Educational Interpreting
Need for More People of Colour and Diversity Among EIs
Questions for Consideration
Further Reading
References
27 Translation Policies for the Education of Sign Language Translators and Interpreters in School Environments
Introduction
Overview
Contextualising the Training of Translators and Interpreters in Brazil
Establishing Professional Practices for Libras Translators and Interpreters in Brazil
Critical Issues and Topics
The Training of the Libras Translator and Interpreter
Important Issues in the Training of Libras Translators and Interpreters
Emerging Debates
Necessary Debates in the Training of the Libras Translators and Interpreters
Audism
Libras Translators and Interpreters in Education Settings: The Relationship of the Deaf With Sign Language Translators and Interpreters
Conclusions and Future Directions
Questions for Consideration
Note
Further Reading
References
28 The Provision of Sign Language Interpretation in Asia
Introduction
Overview
Literature Review
Japan
China
Bangkok, Thailand
Hong Kong
Critical Issues and Topics
Methodology
Data Collection
Participants
Findings
Factual Information From the Questionnaires and Interviews
Brief Descriptions of SL Interpretation Provision in Individual Asian Cities/countries
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Cambodia
China
Hong Kong
Indonesia
Japan
Macau
Malaysia
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
The Philippines
Vietnam
Emerging Debates
Challenges Confronting Asian SL Interpreters
No Or Little Accessibility of Sign Language Interpretation Services Due to a Lack of Government Support
Lack of Recognition of Sign Language Interpretation as a Professional Field
Little Understanding of What Sign Language Interpretation Is in the Community as a Whole
Challenges Faced By Deaf Interpreters
Language-related Issues
Other Issues Related to the System of Service Provision
Conclusions and Future Directions
Questions for Consideration
Notes
Further Reading
References
Part 8 Current Status of Interpreting and Translation
29 Sign Language Interpretation Training, Testing, and Accreditation in Asia
Introduction
Overview
Literature Review
Japan
Hong Kong
Malaysia
Taiwan
Thailand
The Philippines
Vietnam
Critical Issues and Topics
Methodology
Data Collection
Participants
Findings
Emerging Debates
Insufficient Or a Complete Lack of Formal Training for SL Interpretation
Conclusions and Future Directions
Questions for Consideration
Notes
Further Reading
References
30 The State of Sign Language Interpreting and Interpreters in the Arab World: An Exploratory Study
Introduction
Overview
Research Motivations
Arab Region Sign Languages and Their Development
Critical Issues and Topics
Sign Language Interpreting in the Arab World
History of Emergence and Development
Emerging Debates
Description of the Sampling
Analysis and Discussion of Findings
The State of Arab Region Sign Languages
Findings Related to the State of Sign Language Interpreting
Findings of Sample Responses to Direct Question
Conclusions and Future Directions
Questions for Consideration
Further Reading
References
31 The State of Sign Language Translation and Interpreting in the East African Community
Introduction
Overview
Critical Issues and Topics
Data Collection
Accreditations of Interpreters
National Associations of SLIs
Accreditation and Certification Bodies
Lack of Recognition as a Public Service
Consumers’ Awareness
Learning Materials and References
Emerging Debates
Personalisation of SLIs By Deaf Consumers Limits Mentoring of Novices
Lack of Qualified Professionals in Some EAC Countries
SLIs’ Education Levels in the EAC
Conclusions and Future Directions
Recommendations On Sign Language Interpreting in the EAC
Questions for Consideration
Further Reading
References
32 Sign Language Interpreting in Russia and Its Neighbouring Countries in the EECAC
Introduction
Overview
Early Interpreter Training
The Stalin Era Onwards
Signed Russian
Research Informed Practices From the 1990s Onwards
The 21st Century
Emerging Debates
Interpreting in the Region
The Baltic Countries
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Tajikistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Conclusions and Future Directions
Questions for Consideration
Note
Further Reading
References
33 Sign Language Interpreting Within a North American Context
Introduction
Overview
Professional Sign Language Associations
Legislation
Code of Ethics Or Professional Conduct
Critical Issues and Topics
Shortage of Personnel
Role Metaphors
Certification
Education
Educational Interpreting
Emerging Debates
Voice and Representation
Deaf Interpreters
Black Lives Matter
Conclusions and Future Directions
Questions for Consideration
Further Reading
References
Index