Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Contributors
Acknowledgements
1 Introduction
Indigenous Knowledge and the Organization of Diversity
Knowledge and Cultures
Culture and Experience in Environmental Knowledge-Building
Integrating Knowledge Systems
The Organization of Diverse Knowledge Systems
The Structure of the Volume
Part I Concepts and Context
Part II Issues of Perspectives, Values, and Engagement
Part III Applications of IEK for Adaptation, Conservation, and Coexistence
Part IV Governance and Equity
Acknowledgments
References
Part I Concepts and Context
2 Indigenous Ecological Knowledge: Why Bother?
Introduction
Epistemological Issues
Ontological Issues
An Indigenous Ecological Knowledge Cookโs Tour
The Question of Indigenous Conservation
Conclusion
References
3 Context Matters: The Holism and Subjectivity of Environmental Knowledge
Introduction
The Whole Context Matters
The Subjectivity of Environmental Knowledge
Changing Environmental Knowledge
References
4 Cultivar Diversity and Management as Traditional Environmental Knowledge
Introduction
Terminological and Conceptual Issues in Relation to Folk Classification
The Interconnection Between Ecological and Cultural Selection
How Farmers Use Cultivar Diversity in Response to Changing Conditions
Dissemination and Exchange of Germplasm
Diversity Loss and Its Consequences
Hybrid Strategies
References
5 On Serving Salmon: An Ethnography of Hyperkeystone Interactions in Interior Alaska
Politics of Fish Weirs and King Salmon in Salmon River
Interspecies Interactions in Coho Salmon Spawning Streams
From the Beaverโs Point of View
Hyperkeystone Interactions
Acknowledgments
Notes
References
6 Performance Knowledge: Uncovering the Dynamics of Biocultural Diversity of Borneoโs Tropical Forests Through a Penan Hunting Technique
Introduction
The Penan Hunters of Borneo
Nedok
Palms, Pigs, and Primates
Conclusion
References
7 Soil Ethnoecology
Introduction
The Wola and Their Soils
Knowledge and Cultural Context
Issues of Soil Classification and Representation
Issues of Soil Cultivation and Recultivation
Local Knowledge and Natural Science
Managing Soil Resources
Conservation Versus Degradation
Notes
References
8 Bridging Paradigms: Analyzing Traditional Tsimaneโ Hunting With a Double Lens
Introduction
Collaborative Ethnography
Indigenous Methodologies and Epistemology
A Bridge Between Paradigms?
Research Collaboration With the Tsimaneโ: Whose Research?
Methodology
Methods
Anthropological Methods
Participant Observation
Informal Interviews
Semi-structured Interviews
Focus Groups
Participatory Video
Indigenous Methodologies
Conversations/dialogue (Informal and Formal)
Discussion and Reflection
Results and Discussion
A New Paradigm
Conclusion
Note
References
Part II Issues of Perspective, Values, and Engagement
9 Asian and Middle Eastern Pastoralists
Introduction
Pastoralism as an Adaptive System in Dryland Environments
Mobility and Pastoralist Land Tenure Systems
Conservation Schemes in Oman
Mining in Mongolia
Conclusion
References
10 Balance On Every Ledger: Kwakwakaโwakw Resource Values and Traditional Ecological Management
Acknowledgments
References
11 Challenges Surrounding Education and Transmission of Ainu Indigenous Ecological Knowledge in Japan: Disparate Valuations of a People and Their IEK
Introduction
Geographical Characteristics
Ainu IEK and IK
The Effect of Colonialism, Development, and Assimilation Policies
Ainu Cultural Promotion Legislation and Contemporary Revitalization Measures
Praxis of Ainu IK as Included in Educational and Cultural Transmission Activities
Continuing Barriers
Prospects for the Future
Note
References
12 Engaging With Indigenous Environmental Knowledge in the North American Arctic: Moving From Documentation to Decisions in Environmental Governance
Introduction
The Engagement of IEK in the Steps Toward Decisions
Observations
Interpretation
Analysis
Assessment
Decisions
Discussion
References
13 Taiga Forest Reindeer Herders and Hunters, Subsistence, Stewardship
Introduction
Background: the Ewenki People
Materials and Methods
Ewenki Subsistence Terminology
Hunting
Reindeer Herding
Fishing and Sea Mammal Hunting
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Key to Dialect Names
References
14 Tlingit Engagement With Salmon: The Philosophy and Practice of Relational Sustainability
Introduction
Tlingit Existence Scape and Salmon
The Intertwining of Mythic and Practical Understandings
Traditional Knowledge and Practice Through โStreamscapingโ
Understanding Ish
Protecting the Ish: Attentive Agentive Practice
Empirical Understandings and Pragmatic Undertakings
References
15 Matauranga as Knowledge, Process and Practice in Aotearoa New Zealand
Modern Realities
New Challenges
Data Sovereignty, Biocultural Diversity, Genomics and Other Ethical Challenges
Unpacking Maori Environmental Knowledge to Reveal Insights for the Future
Acknowledgements
References
Part III Applications of IEK for Adaptation, Conservation, and Coexistence
16 Integrating Amazigh Cultural Practices in Moroccan High Atlas Biodiversity Conservation
Local Ecological Knowledge and Biocultural Conservation in Morocco
Identifying and Describing Cultural Practices of Conservation
Cultural Practices of Conservation in the Moroccan High Atlas
The Role of Local Knowledge and Practice in Conservation of North African Biocultural Landscapes
Acknowledgments
References
17 Sacred Groves of Sierra Leone: Preserving Indigenous Environmental Knowledge
What Are Sacred Groves?
The Cultural Significance of Sacred Groves
The Historical Context
Researching Sierra Leoneโs Sacred Groves
Results: Indigenous Environmental Knowledge and Sacred Groves
Discussion
Acknowledgments
References
18 The Role of Biodiversity in the Maintenance of Ecosystem Services in Human-Dominated Landscapes: Evidence From the Terai Plains of Nepal
Introduction
Methodology
Description of the Study Area
Field Sampling
Ethnobotanical Data Collection
Sampling Informants
Statistical Analysis
Results
Plant Diversity and Abundance
Source of Biological Material
Processing and Administration
Knowledge of Plant Use
Reasons for Use
Multipurpose Woodlots
Energy Use
Medicinal Use
Cultural Use
Veterinary Use
Timber and Building Material Use
Household Use
Discussion
Factors That Incentivise the Maintenance of Biodiversity in and Around Farms
Medicinal Plant Use
Ethnoecological Knowledge Associated With the Maintenance of Biodiversity On Farms
Building the Evidence Base
Implications for Broader Areas of Adaptive Planning, Policy and Management
Conclusion
References
19 Creating Coexistence: Traditional Knowledge and Institutions as a Foundation for Maasai-Wildlife Coexistence in Southern Kenya
Introduction
Defining Social Capital
Defining Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)
Why Live With Wildlife?
Creating Coexistence
The Individual Ability to Adapt
Resource Tracking and Livestock Husbandry
Communal Mechanisms for Coexistence
Reciprocity and Risk Reduction
Coexistence Through Cooperation
Losing Coexistence: a Culture in Transition
References
20 Cultural Keystone Species as Indicators of Climatic Changes
Theoretical Concepts
Keystone Species
Umbrella Species
Flagship Species
Indicator Species
Advantages and Disadvantages
Ecosystem Conservation
Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Ecosystem Services
Bringing It All Together
Case Studies
Sitka Black-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Hermionus Sitkensis)
Salmonberry (Rubus Spectabilis) and Blueberry (Vaccinium Alaskense, V. Ovalifolium, V. Caespitosum, V. Uliginosum)
Conclusion
References
21 Living With Elephants: Indigenous World-Views
Kattunayakans
Bettakurumbas
Fostering Better Human-Elephant Coexistence
Elephant Ontologies
Modes of Subsistence Or Agricultural Crop Types
Conclusion
Notes
References
22 Do Dragons Prevent Deforestation?: The Gambiaโs Sacred Forests
Introduction
The Study Area
Methods
Field Mapping
Land Cover
Pre-processing Satellite Imagery
Statistics
Survey Methods
Limitations
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
Notes
References
23 Fire, Native Ecological Knowledge, and the Enduring Anthropogenic Landscapes of Yosemite Valley
Background and Methodology
Methods of Traditional Management in Yosemite Valley
Burning
Smoking
Pruning
Clearing Underbrush
Hand Eradication
Selective Harvesting
Soil Aeration
Knocking
Sowing
Other Methods and Considerations
The Displacement of Native Peoples and Native Landscapes
Impacts On Traditional Management, Cultural Practices, and IEK
Yosemiteโs Anthropogenic Landscapes Today
References
Part IV Governance and Equity
24 Who Benefits? Indigenous Environmental Knowledge (IEK) in Multilateral Biodiversity Agreements
Introduction
Multilateral Instrument Processes for Engaging IEK Holders
IEK and Multilateral Instruments: a Range of Experiences
Opportunities for Participation of IPLCs in Multilateral Instruments
Effective Use of IEK in Multilateral Instruments
Benefits for IPLCs From Engagement in Multilateral Instruments
Discussion
Notes
References
25 The Use and Misuse of IEK in Conservation in Vietnam
Introduction
Conservation Projects in Vietnam
Cherry Picking IK/TEK for Conservation
Assessing IEK About Animals and Hunting in the Annamites
Conclusion
Note
References
26 Including Indigenous and Local Knowledge in the Work of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy...
Introduction
What Is IPBES?
Examples of and Challenges in Incorporating ILK Into Global Science Assessments
Operationalization of ILK in the IPBES Work Programme
Processes for the Inclusion of ILK in the Global Assessment
The ILK Liaison Group
ILK Grey Literatures and Other Forms of Written Texts
Solicited Inputs Through Online Calls
Dialogues With ILK-Holders and IPLCs
How ILK Has Been Incorporated Into the Global Assessment
Conclusion: Lessons Learned for Other Science Assessments
Acknowledgments
Notes
References
27 Indigenous Knowledge, Knowledge-Holders and Marine Environmental Governance
Introduction
The Political Nature of IK
Relational Knowledge
Going Forward
Notes
References
28 Incorporating Social-Ecological Systems Into Protected Area Networks: Territories and Areas Conserved By Indigenous Peoples...
Introduction
The Study Area
Methods
Limitations
Results
Questionnaire Results
Case Studies
Village Forest Reserve Case Study: Bundu Tuhan, Ranau
Spirit Forest Case Study: Gumantong, Kudat
Tagal Case Study: Luanti Baru
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Index