The treatment of soft tissue sarcomas in children at the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy, Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Sidney Farber Cancer Institute from 1970 to 1976 has been reviewed. Twenty-seven patients were diagnosed with rhabdomyosarcoma, and twenty patients were diagnosed with soft tissue sarcomas of other histologies. An aggressive, combined modality therapeutic approach was applied in the treatment of all patients with emphasis placed on conservation of function. Of irradiated patients, local control was achieved in 96% of those with rhabdomyosarcoma and 85% in other sarcomas. Cumulative relapse-free survival (actuarial) at 5 years is projected at 65% for the rhabdomyosarcoma patients and at 63% for the other sarcoma patients. Although there were differences in chemotherapy regimens (vincristine, actinomycin-D and cyclophosphamide for rhabdomyosarcoma and adriamycin and DTIC for other soft tissue sarcomas), the surgical and radiation therapeutic approaches are similar for both groups. The high probability of local control using function-conserving surgery and high dose radiation therapy supports this emerging approach. Improvements in survival will require better control of metastatic disease.