Life cycle impact analysis of cadmium in
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Vasilis M Fthenakis
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Article
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2004
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Elsevier Science
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English
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This paper describes the material flows and emissions in all the life stages of CdTe PV modules, from extracting refining and purifying raw materials through the production, use, and disposal or recycling of the modules. The prime focus is on cadmium flows and cadmium emissions into the environment.