The Palgrave Handbook of Youth Mobility and Educational Migration

✍ Scribed by David Cairns (editor)

• Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 487
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This handbook provides an overview of developments in the youth mobility and migration research field, with specific emphasis on movement for education, work and training purposes, encompassing exchanges sponsored by institutions, governments and international agencies, and free movement. The collection features over 30 theoretically and empirically-based discussions of the meaning and key aspects of various forms of mobility as practiced in contemporary societies, and concludes with an exploration of the costs and benefits of moving abroad to individuals and societies at a time when the viability of free circulation is being called into question. The geographical scope of the book covers Europe, Asia, Australia and the Americas, and takes into account socio-economic and regional inequalities, as well as recent developments such as the refugee crisis, Brexit and the Covid-19 pandemic. The book integrates the fields of youth mobility and migration studies, creating opportunities forthe establishment of a new paradigm for understanding the spatial circulation of youth and young adults in the twenty-first century.

✦ Table of Contents

Acknowledgements
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
Chapter 1: Introduction: The Intermittency of Youth Migration
Mobility Imperatives and Motivations
The Structure of This Book
Introducing Youth Mobility and Migration
Free Movement in Education
Institutionalized Mobility Inside and Outside Erasmus
Working Towards Mobility
Mobility at the Margins
Some Brief Notes About Editing This Book
References
Part I
Chapter 2: Introducing Youth Mobility and Migration
References
Chapter 3: Mobility Becoming Migration: Understanding Youth Spatiality in the Twenty-First Century
Mobility Becoming Migration
A New Youth Migration Paradigm: The Spatial Consumer
The Success of Mobility and Migration
Conclusion: Mobility Becoming Migration and Migration Becoming Mobility
References
Chapter 4: Migration Decision-Making, Mobility Capital and Reflexive Learning
The Migration Decision
Mobility Capital
Arriving at Migration
Mobility in Pieces
Moving towards Reflexive Mobility
Conclusion: The Costs and Benefits of New Migration
References
Chapter 5: Inherited Dreams of ‘the West’: Eastern European Students’ Paths to Denmark
Research Launch Pad
Methodology
Narrative as an Ontological Part of Life
Travel during Communism
Travelling Narratives
A Metanarrative of ‘the West’
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Unpacking the Mobility Capacities and Imperatives of the ‘Global Generation’
Mobile Polish Young People Today
Data and Methods
Lasting Significance of Mobility Imperatives among Polish Youth
The Emerging ‘Mobile Generation of Choice’ and Mobility Capacities
Conclusions: A Global Generation with Spatial Reflexivity as a Key Mobility Capacity?
References
Chapter 7: Why Student Mobility Does Not Automatically Lead to Better Understanding: Reflections on the Concept of Intercultural Learning
A Conventional Approach to Intercultural Learning
Limitations of a Conventional Approach
Transculturality: An Alternative Approach
Enhancing Intercultural Learning through Scaffolding and Preparation
References
Part II
Chapter 8: Free Movement in Education
References
Chapter 9: Youth Educational Mobility: The Start of Intellectual Migration
Intellectual Migration: A Conceptual and Analytical Framework
Mobility
Transnationalism
Brain Circulation and Return Migration
The Intellectual Migration Framework
Who are Intellectual Migrants?
Why Do Intellectual Migrants Move?
Where Do Intellectual Migrants Move To?
Youth Educational Mobility: The Onset of Intellectual Migration
Who are the Young Educational Migrants?
Why Do Young People Migrate for Education?
Where Do Young People Migrate To?
Youth Mobility in Intellectual Migration: A Roadmap for Empirical Analysis
References
Chapter 10: Understanding Educational Migration from Greece to the UK in Times of Crisis
Methodological Approach
Exploring Students’ Perspectives: Educational Migration and Employability
Educational Migration as a Path to Independence and Autonomy
Post-Study Migration Scenarios
Conclusion
References
Chapter 11: Transnational Mobility, Education and Social Positioning between Brazil and Germany
Transnational Youth Mobility, Migration and Education
Educational Environments in Brazil and Germany
Methodological Approach
Case Studies
Luciana
Alexandre
Two Mobilities
Conclusion
References
Chapter 12: Refugees’ Access to Higher Education in Italy: An Opportunity Lost for the ‘Lost Generation’
Methodological Approach
Research Context and Findings
Legal Impasses
Recognition of Skills
Scholarship Offers
The Measurement of a Challenge
Changing Careers
Mental Health Support
How Much of a Welcome?
When Studies and Work Collide
Aspirations
Five Steps to Improve the System
Conclusion
References
Chapter 13: After Mobility: The Long-Term Impact of Study Abroad on Professional Teacher Behaviour
The Internationalized Classroom
Motivations for Study Abroad
Study Abroad Learning Outcomes
Effect on Teacher Behaviour
Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 14: Dispositives of Internationalization in Brazilian Science: The Unified Postgraduate Examination in Physics
Physics: An Internationalized Subject
The Origin and History of the EUF
The Internal Organization of EUF
EUF Internationalization
The Unified Postgraduate Examination in Physics and Internationalization
Brazilian Power in Regional Physics
Final Remarks
References
Chapter 15: ‘I had to move somewhere:’ Leaving Finland to Study in Sweden
Young Adults and Finnish Migration to Sweden
Migrants’ Life Stories
Studying in Sweden
Sweden as ‘Close’
Education in Your Own Language
Sweden as ‘Something Else’
Sweden as Something ‘Better’
Moving Back to Finland?
Concluding Discussion
References
Part III
Chapter 16: Institutionalized Mobility Inside and Outside Erasmus
References
Chapter 17: Erasmus at 30: Institutional Mobility at Higher Education in Perspective
Methodological Approach
The ‘Erasmus Effect’ and Soft Skills
The Erasmus Effect in Portugal
Portugal in the Erasmus Programme Context
Soft Skills and Employability
Erasmus and Social Networking
Conclusion: Is Inequality an Unintended Erasmus Effect?
References
Chapter 18: Learning in Transition: Erasmus+ as an Opportunity for Internationalization
Self-Improvement via Cultural, Economic and International Encounters
Methodology and Analysis
Self-Development and Experiential Learning
Opportunities for Employment After Erasmus+
Memories and Effects of Erasmus+ in Temporality
Conclusion: Erasmus+ Beyond Its Initial Aims and Gains
References
Chapter 19: Mobility and Participation: The Intertwined Movement of Youth and Ideas
Research Context and Methods
Mobility as Capital
Mobility and Identity
Mobility and Future Plans
Conclusions
References
Chapter 20: The Super-Mobile Student: Global Educational Trajectories in Erasmus Mundus
Mobility in European Higher Education: The Erasmus Mundus Framework
The Value of Being a Super-Mobile Student
Super-mobility Self-reflected: A Mitigated Value?
Conclusions
References
Chapter 21: Educational Mobility of South African Youth: Insights from Erasmus Mundus Action 2
Background
Higher Education in South Africa
Internationalization of Higher Education in South Africa
Outbound Student Mobility
Erasmus Mundus Action 2 in South Africa
Erasmus Mundus Action 2 Projects in South Africa
Lessons Learnt
Inclusion of Institutions
Inclusion of Individuals
Conclusions
References
Chapter 22: Intra-regional Academic Mobility in Central Asia: The OSCE Academy in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
The OSCE Academy in Bishkek
Methodological Approach
Data Collection
SWOT Analysis and Discussion
High Standards in Education and Social Inclusion
Weaknesses: A Western Side Obsession
Opportunities: Networking and Partnering
Threats: A Limited Absorptive Capacity of Local Labour Markets
Conclusion
References
Chapter 23: South–South Student Mobility: International Students from Portuguese-Speaking Africa in Brazil
Student Mobility in Lusophone Space
UNILAB: History and Key Facts
Methodology
Motivations
Existing Networks
A ‘second best’ Choice?
Future
Conclusion
References
Chapter 24: Mobile and Immobile Students’ Characteristics and Programme Choices
Data and Methodology
Mobility Disparities
Age and Gender Differences
Variations by Field of Study
Variations by Type of Higher Education Institution
Variations by Parents’ Educational Background
Different Uses of Organizational Frameworks for Enrolment Abroad
Primary Sources of Funding for Enrolment Abroad
Discussion
References
Chapter 25: Identity Challenges and Pedagogical Consequences: International Students in Higher Education Pathway Programmes in Australia
Research Context
Theoretical Framework
Methodological Approach
Results and Discussion
Definitions of Students’ ‘Identity’
Student Identity Evolving through Academic Discourse
Student Engagement/Disengagement Nexus
Why Face-to-face Teaching Matters
Implications and Conclusion
References
Part IV
Chapter 26: Working towards Mobility
References
Chapter 27: Beyond Skills: Facets of Mobility in Romania’s Vocational Education and Training
Framing the Context: Romania, Migration and VET
Research Design
Findings and Interpretation
Conclusions
References
Chapter 28: Using Cross-border Mobility in Vocational Education and Training in the Greater Region SaarLorLux
European and International Scale of VET Mobility
The Greater Region SaarLorLux: Labour Market and Education Profile
History/Institutional Framework of Cross-border VET in the Greater Region
Cross-border VET in the Greater Region
The Plurilingual Dimension of VET
Case Study: Fachstelle für grenzüberschreitende Ausbildung (FagA)/Centre d’aide à la mobilité transfrontalière (CAMT)
Conclusion
References
Chapter 29: Vocational Learning Abroad: The Case of German VET Mobility
European Youth Mobility as a Political (and Individual) Strategy
The German VET System
Implementation Strategies and Support Structures in Germany
Data and Methods
Results
German VET Encounters Mobility
Experiencing the Programme
National Implementation Strategies and Support Structures
Conclusions
References
Chapter 30: Youth as Temporary Workers Abroad: The Experiences of Australia, Canada and New Zealand
De Facto Temporary Worker Schemes
Youth Migration in the National Discourse of Host Countries
Motivations to Work Abroad
Identity and Personal Growth
Exploitation
The Return Home
Weighing the Costs and Benefits
References
Chapter 31: International Work Placements: Developing Intercultural Skills?
Encounters and Friendships
Methodological Note
Encountering Cultural Difference
Encountering the Life Course
Encountering Difference: Intercultural Skills?
References
Chapter 32: Abroad Forever? Embedding Spatial Mobility in Academic Work Trajectories in Italy
The Knowledge Economy, Globalization and the Neoliberal University
Importance of the Curriculum Vitae and Academic Mobility
Methodological Approach
The Main Axes Organizing a CV
The y-Axis: Time
The z-Axis: Productivity
The x-Axis: Space
Meaning and Costs of Mobility
To Leave or Not to Leave, That Is the Question…
Reflexive Strategies
Mobility Costs
Conclusions
References
Chapter 33: Italian Youth and the Experience of Highly Qualified Migration to the United Kingdom
Data on Italians Abroad: The Problem with Quantification
Italians in the United Kingdom
The Research in Manchester
Leaving Italy to Work in Manchester
A Category of Interviewees
Conclusions
References
Part V
Chapter 34: Mobility at the Margins
References
Chapter 35: Mobility Choices in Post-Soviet States: How the EU Attracts Youth in Its Shared Neighbourhood with Russia
Migration and Mobility to Russia and the EU
The European Choice
Erasmus Outside Europe
Mobility Choices Outside the EU
Conclusion
References
Chapter 36: From Forced Migration to Mobility: Dreaming of Home Within ‘Rooted Mobilities’
Methodological and Theoretical Approaches
Home as a Complicated Material and Non-Material Entity
Research Findings
Home as a Country and Country as Belonging
Old Home and New Home: Links that Calm Thought Processes and Emotional Lives
Home and Family: A Complicated Matter
To Deconstruct, Reconstruct and Reimagine Home
Concluding Thoughts
References
Chapter 37: ‘I was not prepared to go to Spain’: Work Mobility of Young People at the Margins in Portugal
The Problematic Conceptualization of the Problem
Research Context
Methodological Approach
Pedro’s Narrative
Life Before Trafficking
Life in Trafficking
Reframing Trafficking
Notes for the Future
References
Chapter 38: Crossing the Line: Current and Future Challenges in Youth Mobility
The Life Before Migrating
Studying Human Trafficking
Childhood Memories with Pippi and Troll
Love, Lies and the Longing to Belong
The ‘Destination’ Country
Conclusion: Crossing the Lines
References
Chapter 39: Youth Mobility, Mental Health and Risky Behaviours
Mental Health and Health Behaviours among Mobile Youth
Students in Higher Education
Volunteer, Migrant and Humanitarian Aid Workers
Theories on the Connection Between Mobility, Mental Health and Health Behaviour
Acculturation Theories and Mental Health
Acculturation and Alcohol and Drug Use
Theories on Situational Disinhibition
Social Norms Theories
Interventions for International Mobile Youth
Mental Health Services
Psycho-educational and Social Interventions to Promote Acculturation
Alcohol-specific Interventions
Conclusions
References
Chapter 40: Rethinking the Value(s) of Short-Term Youth Mobility: Neoliberal Ideals and Counterhegemonic Possibilities
Background: Neoliberalism
Definitions and Theories of Neoliberalism
The Selling of Neoliberal Ideology as ‘Common Sense’
Neoliberalism and Education
Neoliberal Higher Education and Short-term Student Mobility
Suggestions for Further Research and Practice
References
Chapter 41: A Wonderful But Uncertain Time: Youth Transitions of Erasmus Students and Lisbon’s Housing Crisis
The Development of the Erasmus Student Housing Market
Methodological Approach
Looking for a Home: Online and Offline Individual Anxiety
Making a Liveable Home: Power and Sociability in Erasmus Households
Strategies of Resistance and Adaptation to Student Housing
Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 42: Conclusion: Youth Migration in the Age of Pandemic Immobility
The Immobility Pandemic
Moving Out of Immobility
Vulnerable Migration
Pandemic Immobility
Mobility Goes Local
Final Remarks
References
Index