Intro
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Preface
Contents
Getting Started
Chapter 1
The Basics
Electricity and the Heart
The Cells of the Heart
Time and Voltage
P Waves, QRS Complexes, T Waves, and Some Straight Lines
Naming the Straight Lines
Summary: The Waves and Straight Lines of the EKG
Making Waves
The 12 Views of the Heart
A Word About Vectors
The Normal 12-Lead EKG
Summary: Orientation of the Waves of the Normal EKG
Some Really Important Stuff That You May Be Wondering: Part 1: Why Not Just Let the Computer Do It? Some Really Important Stuff That You May Be Wondering: Part 2: How Do I Get the Goop Off My Patient's Chest Once the EKG Is Finished?Coming Attractions
Chapter 2
Hypertrophy and Enlargement of the Heart
A Few Introductory Remarks
Definitions
Axis
Summary: Axis
Axis Deviation, Hypertrophy, and Enlargement
Atrial Enlargement
Summary: Atrial Enlargement
Ventricular Hypertrophy
Secondary Repolarization Abnormalities of Ventricular Hypertrophy
Summary: Ventricular Hypertrophy
Case 1
Case 2
Chapter 3
Arrhythmias
The Clinical Manifestations of Arrhythmias
Why Arrhythmias Happen Rhythm StripsHow to Determine the Heart Rate From the EKG
The Five Basic Types of Arrhythmias
Arrhythmias of Sinus Origin
Summary: Arrhythmias of Sinus Origin
Ectopic Rhythms
Reentrant Rhythms
The Four Questions
Supraventricular Arrhythmias
Summary: Supraventricular Arrhythmias
Ventricular Arrhythmias
Summary: Ventricular Arrhythmias
Supraventricular Versus Ventricular Arrhythmias
Summary: Ventricular Tachycardia Versus Supraventricular Tachycardia With Aberrancy
Electrophysiology Studies (EPS)
Implantable Defibrillators
External Defibrillators
Case 3
Case 4
Case 5 Chapter 4Conduction Blocks
What Is a Conduction Block?
AV Blocks
Summary: AV Blocks
Bundle Branch Block
Summary: Bundle Branch Block
Hemiblocks
Combining Right Bundle Branch Block and Hemiblocks
Blocks That Underachieve
The Ultimate in Playing With Blocks: Combining AV Blocks, Right Bundle Branch Block, and Hemiblocks
Pacemakers
Case 6
Case 7
Case 8
Chapter 5
Preexcitation Syndromes
What Is Preexcitation?
Wolff-Parkinson-White
A Short PR Interval Without a Delta Wave
Why Do We Care About Preexcitation?
Summary: Preexcitation
Case 9
Chapter 6 Myocardial Ischemia and InfarctionStable Angina and Acute Coronary Syndromes
How to Diagnose a Myocardial Infarction
ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarctions (STEMIs)
Summary: The EKG Changes of an Evolving STEMI
Localizing the Infarct
Non-ST-Segment Myocardial Infarctions (non-STEMIs)
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
Angina Without Infarction
Sorting Out the Different Ischemic Syndromes
Limitations of the EKG in Diagnosing an Infarction
Stress Testing
Case 10
Case 11
Chapter 7
Finishing Touches
Electrolyte Disturbances
Hypothermia
Drugs
More on the QT Interval