Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
1 Introduction to the New Normal in Planning, Governance, and Participation
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Emerging Research During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Planning, Governance, and Participation
1.2.1 Planning
1.2.2 Governance
1.2.3 Participation
1.3 Framing Directions of the New Normal
References
Part I Theoretical Framings of the New Normal
2 Theorizing Public Participation in Urban Governance. Toward a New Normal Planning
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Planning, Knowledge, and Participation
2.2.1 Public Participation as a Way of Knowing
2.3 Knowledge Deliberation in Aalborg
2.3.1 Knowing-Through Sensor Technologies
2.3.2 Knowing-Through Digital Participatory GIS
2.3.3 Knowing-With Neighborhood Councils
2.3.4 Knowing-With Experts
2.3.5 Knowing-With Public Planners
2.3.6 Knowing-Through Education
2.4 Final Reflections on the New Normal
References
3 Planning—The Force of Working Unfinished
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Conflict and Agonism
3.3 Governing, Conflict, Contingency
3.4 Democratic Deficit and Planning
3.5 Decision and Future—De-cision
3.6 How to Act Unfinished?
3.7 Conclusions
References
4 Building on Recent Experiences and Participatory Planning in Serbia: Toward a New Normal
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Contextualizing Participatory Planning Through Critical Pragmatism
4.3 Research Method
4.4 Narratives of the “Culture of Practice”
4.5 Discussion and Conclusion
References
5 Building the Buzz in Blakelaw: Re-Igniting the Public Realm of Britain’s Peripheral Urban Estates in the New Normal
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Towards a More Experimental Approach in Urban Studies
5.3 The Local Context: Marginality and Left-Behind Places
5.4 Conclusions and Steps Forward
References
6 Adaptation of Partnership Models in Times of COVID-19
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Pre-pandemic: State of the Art and Identifying Vulnerabilities
6.3 Making the CHARP Model Pandemic-Proof—What Should Change?
6.3.1 The Butterfly Highway
6.3.2 The Oral History Projects and Photovoice in Times of Social Isolation
6.4 Conclusion
References
7 An Anthropology of the Co-Emergency: Getting Inspired by the COVID-19 for a Natural Economy
7.1 Post-humanism and Natural Economy
7.2 Co-Emergency and the Embodiment of Complexity in the Anthropocene
7.3 Natural and Simple Economies and COVID-19: A Resolution Strategy
7.4 Adaptation to a “New Normal”
7.5 Trust Building as Key in the New Normal
7.6 Conclusions
References
Part II Experiences on Urban Governance and Participation During the Pandemic
8 Pandemic Cycling Urbanism in French Intermediate Cities: A Singular Episode or a Shift to a “New Normal”?
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Theory
8.3 Fieldwork and Method
8.4 Results: COVID-19 Urban Installations in Mulhouse
8.4.1 Design, Implementation, and Evolution of COVID-19 Installations
8.4.2 The Language Used to Describe Action
8.5 Discussion: The “Tactical” or “Temporary” Dimension of Pandemic Urbanism
8.5.1 Shorter but Overlapping Timeframes
8.5.2 An Effective Temporary Response: A Rapid and Low-Cost Experimentation
8.5.3 A Limited Participatory Process
8.6 Conclusion
References
9 Lockdown Democracy: Participatory Budgeting in Pandemic Times and the Portuguese Experience
9.1 Public Participation
9.2 Participatory Democracy, Citizen Involvement, and Participatory Budgeting
9.3 Participatory Budgeting and the COVID-19 Pandemic
9.4 Deepening the Portuguese Experience
9.5 Three Portuguese Participatory Budgeting
9.5.1 Lisbon Green PB
9.5.2 Lisbon Schools Green PB
9.6 Final Remarks and Future Lines of Research
References
10 Social Distancing and Participation: The Case of Participatory Budgeting in Budapest, Hungary
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Participatory Governance and Exogenous Shocks
10.3 The Case: Participatory Budgeting in Budapest 2020–2021
10.3.1 Regulatory Background of the COVID-19 Time in Hungary
10.3.2 Participatory Budgeting in Budapest 2020–2021
10.4 Research Method
10.5 Results
10.6 Discussion
10.7 Conclusion
References
11 Establishing a Green Energy Transition Process in COVID Times
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Theory and Method
11.2.1 Energy Poverty, Grounded Theory
11.2.2 Transition Management, Grounded Theory
11.2.3 The Case of GECO Experimenting Green Energy Transition in COVID Times
11.3 Results
11.3.1 The Role of Activation Events
11.3.2 The Role of Technology and Data
11.4 Discussion
11.5 Conclusion
References
12 Participation During and After the Pandemic: Lessons Learned from an Urban Revitalisation Project in Dortmund, Germany
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Current Issues of Public Participation
12.3 Methodology
12.4 Findings on Experiences and Effects of the Pandemic on Public Participation Within Smart Rhino
12.5 Discussion of Lessons Learned to Inform a New Normal
12.5.1 Interconnecting Physical Space with Online Information and Civic Contributions
12.5.2 Digital Conference Platforms—Opportunities and Challenges
12.5.3 Creating Meaningful Access and Interlinkages of Analogue and Digital Formats
12.6 Conclusion
References
13 Urban Living Labs for Healthy and People-Centered Cities: A Nordic Model
13.1 Introduction
13.2 ULLs’ Governance for Sustainable Futures
13.3 Meanings of Urban Living Labs
13.4 The NordicPATH Urban Living Labs’ Approach
13.5 Working Together Differently
13.5.1 Aims
13.5.2 Activities
13.5.3 Participants
13.5.4 Contexts
13.6 Discussion
13.7 Conclusion
References
14 Reframing Participatory Regeneration Through the COVID-19 Pandemic. Highlights from Lisbon
14.1 Introduction
14.2 The COVID-19 Pandemic and Urban Poverty
14.3 Lisbon: An Overview
14.3.1 Martim Moniz Square: At the Crossroads of the City
14.3.2 The Participatory Process for the Regeneration of the Martim Moniz Square
14.3.3 Main Findings
14.4 Discussion and Concluding Remarks
References
15 Exploring PPGIS as a Way of Digital Participation on the Example of Heat Relief Planning
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Theory and Method
15.2.1 Public Participation GIS
15.3 PPGIS Survey in Karlsruhe
15.3.1 Method, Study Area, and Sample
15.3.2 Some Main Results
15.4 Discussion
15.5 Conclusion
References
16 Online Participatory Events, Myth or Reality? Learnings from the EasyRights Hackathons
16.1 Introduction: Hackathons, Online Hackathons, and Participation
16.1.1 The Evolution of Hackathons
16.1.2 Hackathons and Participation
16.1.3 Hackathons at the EasyRights Project
16.2 Results
16.2.1 Enlarging the Group of Potential Participants
16.2.2 Challenges of Reaching a Large Audience
16.2.3 Adapting the Hackathon Space to the Online Mode
16.2.4 Re-formulating the Hackathon Format
16.3 Discussion: Advantages and Challenges of Digital Participatory Events
16.3.1 Advantages
16.3.2 Challenges
16.4 Conclusion
References
17 Towards a New Normal in Participatory Governance in Berlin During COVID-19. A “Lost Year” or a “New Beginning”?
17.1 Introduction
17.2 The Vocabulary of Participation
17.3 Participatory Urban Governance in Germany
17.4 Did COVID-19 Change Participation?
17.5 Conclusions
References
18 Videoconferencing: Miracle Tool or Policy Trap in the Governance of Smart and Sustainable Mobility?
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Theory and Method
18.2.1 Collaborative Practices and Videoconference Enactment
18.2.2 Methods
18.3 Results
18.3.1 Before-and-after Comparison of Collaborative Practices
18.3.2 Public Managers’ Positive and Negative Perceptions of Videoconference
18.3.3 The Paradox of Bad Outcomes yet Adherence to Media Technologies
18.4 Conclusion
References
Part III Critical Reflections and Future Perspectives
19 Digital Consumers Will Reign Post-COVID City Development
19.1 Challenges of the Post-pandemic City
19.2 Implications of COVID-19 on Urban Development
19.3 Spatial Development Trends Ahead of COVID-19
19.4 COVID-19: A Lubricant for the Smart City
19.5 Consumption Will Reign the New Normal in Inner Cities After COVID-19
19.6 How Should Planners React?
19.7 Outlook
References
20 The Territorial Stigmatization of Non-profit Housing Areas in Denmark During COVID-19
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Segregation and Territorial Stigmatization in Denmark
20.3 The Evolution of the “Ghetto” Discourse in Danish Legislation
20.3.1 The Risk of Ghettoization
20.3.2 The “Ghetto Plan”
20.3.3 The Parallel Society Act
20.4 Territorial Stigmatization During COVID-19
20.5 Conclusion
References
21 From Pandemic Governance to PED Agenda in the New Normal
21.1 Introduction
21.1.1 Positive Energy Districts
21.1.2 Multi-level Governance Approaches Towards PEDs
21.1.3 Governance Issues
21.2 Methodology
21.2.1 Case Study Selection and Description
21.2.2 Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Norway
21.2.3 2000-W Sites in Switzerland
21.2.4 Vienna in Austria
21.3 Results
21.3.1 Steering and Process Leadership
21.3.2 Holistic Process of Developing and Deploying PEDs
21.3.3 Integrative Urban Transformation Process
21.3.4 Open Innovation and Stakeholder Interaction
21.4 Discussion
21.5 Conclusions
References
22 Urban Governance in Post-pandemic Barcelona: A Superblock-Based New Normal?
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Theory and Method
22.2.1 Post-COVID-19 City: Struggles and Impacts
22.2.2 Barcelona’s Superblocks: Origins, Issues, and Research Gaps
22.3 Results
22.4 Discussion
22.5 Conclusions
References
23 Driving Urban Transitions—Digital-Twin Solutions
23.1 Urgency for New Solutions
23.2 New Urban Governance
23.3 User-Driven Approaches
23.4 Structured Development Methodology
23.5 Results
23.6 Integrated Assessment
23.7 Open Governance
23.8 Interoperable Common Solutions
23.9 urbanAPI
23.10 URBIS
23.11 DECUMANUS
23.12 Urban Atlas
23.13 Digital-Twin—Next Generation Tools
23.14 Digital-Twin—Plan Generation
23.15 Digital-Twin—Plan Implementation
23.16 Conclusions
References
24 Conclusions
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Disruption, Digitalization, and Participation
24.3 Healthy, Green, and Just Cities
24.4 The Need for New Perspectives in the New Normal
24.5 A Future Research Agenda for the New Normal
References