The molecular mechanism of sensitization to Fas-mediated apoptosis by 2-methoxyestradiol in PC3 prostate cancer cells

✍ Scribed by Keiji Shimada; Mitsutoshi Nakamura; Eiwa Ishida; Munehiro Kishi; Syuchi Matsuyoshi; Noboru Konishi

• Publisher: John Wiley and Sons
• Year: 2003
• Tongue: English
• Weight: 301 KB
• Volume: 39
• Category: Article
• ISSN: 0899-1987
• DOI: 10.1002/mc.10158

✦ Synopsis

Abstract

It is widely known that death receptor Fas‐dependent apoptotic signals are associated with development of prostate cancer, but the key pathways involved in sensitivity to the apoptosis remain unclear. Here we investigated the molecular mechanism by which 2‐methoxyestradiol (2‐ME) effectively sensitizes a human prostate cancer cell line, PC3, to Fas‐mediated apoptosis. 2‐ME significantly inhibited nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activation and downregulated Fas‐associated death domain (FADD) protein interluekin‐1beta‐converting enzyme inhibitory protein (FLIP). Overexpression of the dominant negative mutant form of IκBα (d/n IκBα) or treatment with Iκ kinase‐specific inhibitor Bay117082 gave the same results, although the sensitizing effect was not as pronounced. A selective inhibitor of Akt phosphorylation, LY294002, accelerated formation of the death‐inducing signaling complex (DISC) not only by FLIP reduction but also by enhancement of recruitment of the FADD to Fas, thereby sensitizing PC3 cells to apoptosis similar to the case with 2‐ME stimulation. Moreover, we found that inhibition of 2‐ME–induced extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) activation by the upstream kinase inhibitor PD98059 significantly enhanced 2‐ME–mediated suppression of Akt activation, resulting in much greater sensitization to apoptosis. Taken together, the present findings indicate that 2‐ME suppresses NF‐κB/FLIP signaling and enhances DISC formation through inhibition of Akt, and that PC3 cells thereby are being sensitized to Fas‐mediated apoptosis and by a process closely associated with ERK. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.