The EU Eco-management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) was adopted by the Council of Ministers in 1993 and has been available for participation by organizations since April 1995. The EMAS requires organizations to formulate a comprehensive environmental management system which should ideally cover the entire
The manifold history of eco-auditing and the case of municipal eco-auditing in Norway
β Scribed by Carlo Aall
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 1999
- Weight
- 117 KB
- Volume
- 6
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0968-9427
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
β¦ Synopsis
The purpose of this article is to discuss the historic and conceptual background for the concept of eco-auditing. Drawing the line back to the Roman Empire, we can identify three scientific approaches to eco-auditing: an ecological approach describing the state of and human impact on the environment; a technological approach describing resource streams and analysing opportunities of reducing the consumption of resources, emissions and wastes within defined systems and a management approach evaluating to what extent the organization complies with internal and/or external standards and goals.
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