Cover
Half title
Dedication
Title
Copyright Page
Contents
Abbreviations
Permission Acknowledgments
Introduction
Part 1 Theology, Christology, and Pneumatology
Introduction to Part 1
Summaries of the Readings Included in this Section
Structure and Theology in Heb 1,1-14 John P. Meier
I. Numerical Symmetry in Heb 1,1-4 and 1,5-14
II. Theological Symmetry in Heb 1,1-4 and 1,5-14
The Seven Christological Designations
The Christology of Hebrews C. K. Barrett
Hebrews 1:1–4
Hebrews 1:5–14
Hebrews 2
Hebrews 5
Hebrews 7
Hebrews 8
Hebrews 9
Hebrews 10
A Celebration of the Enthroned Son : The Catena of Hebrews 1 Kenneth L. Schenck
I. Introduction
II. The Exaltation Context of Hebrews 1:5–14
Hebrews 1:7–12
Hebrews 1:6
III. The Place of the Catena in the Rhetoric of Hebrews
Angels and the Created Order
Angels and the Law
IV. Conclusion
God in Hebrews :Urging Children to Heavenly Glory Harold W. Attridge
Basic Dogmatic Claims
A Short Story of God
Imaging God
God’s Dialogue with the Son and his Siblings
Conclusion
Select Bibliography
Pneuma in Hebrews :Prophet and Interpreter Martin Emmrich
I. Introduction
II. Exegesis
1. Heb 3:7-11
2. Heb 10:15-17
3. Heb 9:6-10
III. Synthesis
Brotherly Love and the High PriestChristology of Hebrews Patrick Gray
Jesus and Greco-Roman Ideals of Fraternal Devotion
Conclusion
The Passion :Reconsidering Hebrews 5.7-8 Christopher Richardson
1. Introduction
2. From Gethsemane to Golgotha
3. Intertextual Links
4. Efficacious Prayer
5. Fear versus Faith
6. Israel’s Priestly Ideal
7. Conclusion
‘If Another Priest Arises’ : Jesus’Resurrection and the High PriestlyChristology of Hebrews* David M. Moffitt
1. Introduction
2. Jesus’ Resurrection as a Category in Hebrews
Jesus as the Paradigmatic Example of Faith in Testing, Part 1
Abraham’s Faith in Testing and Resurrection
Jesus as the Paradigmatic Example of Faith in Testing, Part 2
3. Perfection and Jesus’ Priestly Prerequisites
4. The Son Became High Priest:Psalm 110.4 and Resurrection Life
A High Priest from the Tribe of Judah
Arising to the Eternal, Heavenly Priesthood
5. Conclusion
Suggestions for Further Reading
Part 2 Eschatology
Introduction to Part 2
Summaries of the Readings Included in this Section
The Eschatology of the Epistleto the Hebrews C. K. Barrett
1. Introduction
2. The Saints’ Everlasting Rest
3. The Pilgrim’s Progress from the City of Destructionto the Celestial City
4. The Holy Place Above
5. Conclusion
(a) The Problem of Eschatology60
(b) The Fulfilment of the Old Testament
(c) Christianity and ‘Platonism’
Sabbath, Rest, and Eschatologyin the New Testament A. T. Lincoln
Hebrews
Conclusion
Philo and the Epistle to the Hebrews :Ronald Williamson’s Studyafter Thirty Years1
Kenneth L. Schenck
1. Introduction
2. The Fundamental Differences
2.1 Eschatology
2.2 Allegory
2.3. The Extent of the Differences
2.3.1. The Cosmology/Psychology of Hebrews
2.3.2. Philo’s Eschatology
2.3.3. The Exegetical Methods of Hebrews and Philo
3. Hebrews, Philo, and Alexandrian Judaism
3.1 Fundamental Similarities
3.2. Hebrews and Middle Platonism
3.2.1. The Intermediary Realm
3.2.2. The Heavenly Tabernacle
4. Conclusion
Suggestions for Further Reading
Part 3 The Authorand the Addressed Community
Introduction to Part 3
Summaries of the Readings Included in this Section
The Rhetorical Structure of Hebrews Barnabas Lindars
1. Introduction
2. The Situation of the Readers
3. The Main Argument
4. Further Comments and Conclusion
Hebrews and the Implied Author’sRhetorical Ethos Walter Übelacker
The Ethos of the Audience
The Ethos of the Matter —The Question of Its Reputability
The Ethos of the Speaker/Author:The Presentation of the Author Himself, His Authorityand Trustworthiness, Virtue and Goodwill10
How the Author Perceives and Handles the Situation in General
What Can We Say about the Author’s Intellectual Capacity?
How the Author Presents Himself—His Virtue (ἀρετή)
How Does His Letter Indicate Benevolence (εὔνοια) and EstablishIdentification?
Summary
Suggestions for Further Reading
Part 4 Structure, Greco-Roman Rhetoric,and Hortatory Strategy
Introduction to Part 4
Summaries of the Readings Included in this Section
Exchanging Favor for Wrath :Apostasy in Hebrews and Patron–ClientRelationships David A. deSilva
I. Patronage in the Ancient Mediterranean World
II. Jesus as Patron and Broker
Jesus as Son: A Better Mediator than God’s Servants
Jesus as Priest: The Efficacious Μεσίτης
Χάρις and Patronage
III. The Proper Response to One’s Benefactor
IV. The Danger of Violating the Bond of Patronage
The Pattern of Distrust: The Wilderness Generation
Warnings against Dishonoring the Divine Patron and Broker
V. Conclusions
Hebrews, Rhetoric, and the Futureof Humanity Craig R. Koester
I. The Exordium (Heb 1:1–2:4)
II. The Proposition (Heb 2:5–9)
III. Arguments and Digressions (Heb 2:10–12:27)
A. The Three Series of Arguments
1. First Series: Jesus received glory through faithful suffering—a way that othersare called to follow (2:10–5:10)
2. Second Series: Jesus’ suffering is the sacrifice that enables others to approachGod (7:1–10:25)31
3. Third Series: God’s people persevere through suffering to glory by faith(11:1–12:24
B. The Digressions
IV. The Peroration (Heb 12:28–13:21)
V. Conclusions
Choosing What Is Advantageous :The Relationship between Epideicticand Deliberative Syncrisis in Hebrews Michael W. Martin and Jason A. Whitlark
1. Deliberative Syncrisis in the Handbooks
2. Deliberative Syncrisis in Hebrews
3. The Logical Relationship of Epideicticand Deliberative Syncrisis
4. The Topical Relationship of Epideicticand Deliberative Syncrisis
5. Conclusion
Suggestions for Further Reading
Part 5 The Old Testament and the Relationshipwith Contemporaneous Judaism
Introduction to Part 5
Summaries of the Readings Included in this Section
The Exegetical Method of the Epistleto the Hebrews George B. Caird
1. The Validity of the Old Order
2. The Self-Confessed Inadequacy of the Old Order
3. Christ, Aaron and Melchizedek
4. The Contribution of the Old Testamentto Christian Faith and Worship
Hebrews’ Use of the Old Testament:Recent Trends in Research George H. Guthrie
Introduction to Hebrews’ Uses of the Old Testament
Trends in Hebrews Research
Text Form
Structural ‘Framing’
Exegetical Methods
In Search of a Hermeneutic
Conclusion
Bibliography
A Place for Hebrews?Contexts for a First-Century Sermon Peter Walker
The Unique Sermon
The Presenting Problem
A Relapse into Judaism?
The Author’s Conscious but Careful Response
The Author’s Sensitivity: The Temple
The Widening Critique
Finding Hebrews a Modern Place
A ‘Messianic’ Reading
An Alternative Response
Finding Its Ancient Place
Conclusion
The Epistle (Not Necessarily)to the “Hebrews” :A Call to Renunciation of Judaismor Encouragement to ChristianCommitment? Eric F. Mason
Appeals to Scripture and Jewish Examples
Comparisons of Jesus to Elements of Judaism
Hebrews 13
Conclusion
Suggestions of Further Reading
Part 6Soteriology
Introduction to Part 6
Summaries of the readings included in this section
A Broken Covenant and the Curse ofDeath : A Study of Hebrews 9:15-22 Scott W. Hahn
I. The Majority Opinion:Διαθήκη as “Testament” in Hebrews 9:16-17
A. The Case for Διαθήκη as “Testament”
B. The Critique of Διαθήκη as “Testament”
1. Legal Issues
2. Grammatical Issues
3. Lexical Issues
4. Syntactical Issues
5. Contextual Issues
C. Summary: The Incongruity of Διαθήκη as “Testament”
II. The Minority Opinion: Διαθήκη as “Covenant”
A. The Covenantal Background of Hebrews 9:16-17
1. Covenant Making and Oath Swearing
2. Covenant Oath as Conditional Self-Malediction
3. The Curse of Death
4. Ritual Enactment of the Curse of Death (Drohritus)
B. Διαθήκη as Covenant: Exegesis of Hebrews 9:16-17
C. Difficulties in the Case for Διαθήκη as Covenant
III. A New Proposal:A Broken Covenant and the Curse of Death
A. Exegesis of Hebrews 9:16-17
1. Ὅπου γὰρ διαθήκη …
2. θάνατον ἀνάγκη φέρεσθαι τοῦ διαθεμένου …
3. διαθήκη γὰρ ἐπὶ νεκροῖς βεβαία …
4. ἐπεὶ μήποτε ἰσχύει ὅτε ζῇ ὁ διαθέμενος …
5. ὅθεν οὐδὲ ἡ πρώτη χωρὶς αἵματος ἐγκεκαίνισται …
B. Summary: The Broken First Covenant and the Curse of Death
IV. Conclusion
God’s Purposes and Christ’s SavingWork According to Hebrews Craig R. Koester
1. Introduction
2. Inheriting Salvation
3. Deliverance from Slavery and Entry into God’s Rest
4. Priestly Sacrifice and Entry into the Sanctuary
5. Losing and Obtaining Salvation
6. Foreigners on Earth and Citizensof Heavenly Jerusalem
7. Conclusion
Works Consulted
Ancient Jewish Mystical Motifsin Hebrews’ Theology of Accessand Entry Exhortations Scott D. Mackie
1. Introduction
2. The Throne of God
3. The Temple Veil
4. The Glory of God
5. Participation in Angelic Worship
6. Conclusion
Suggestions for Further Reading
Index of References
Index of Authors