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The kinetics of the reaction of phenol and formaldehyde

✍ Scribed by R. Dijkstra; J. de Jonge; M. F. Lammers

Publisher
Elsevier Science
Year
2010
Tongue
English
Weight
442 KB
Volume
81
Category
Article
ISSN
0165-0513

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✦ Synopsis

Abstract

The hydroxymethylation of phenol has been re‐investigated in the pH range 8.5‐12.5 at 30° in dilute aqueous solutions.

The following rate equation covers the results quantitatively:

in which [F], [P] and [P^−^] denote the concentrations of the formaldehyde molecules, phenol molecules and phenoxide‐ions.

In solutions with pH < 9, and phenol concentrations ⩾ 0.1 g‐mole · 1^−1^ this equation simplifies to

v=6.9·10^−5^[P]−[F]·g‐mole·1^−1^sec^−1^

which represents the bimolecular reaction found earlier^1^.

The following two step mechanism is proposed:

magnified image

X^−^ denotes some 1: 1 complex between a phenoxide‐ion and a formaldehyde molecule, k~1~ = 6.9 · 10^−5^ 1 · gmole^−1^ sec^−1^ and k~−1~/k~2~ = 0.006 gmole · 1^−1^.

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