The kinetics of graphitization in steel at subcritical temperatures
โ Scribed by A Rosen; A Taub
- Publisher
- Elsevier Science
- Year
- 1962
- Weight
- 946 KB
- Volume
- 10
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0001-6160
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โฆ Synopsis
The determination of the graphitiaation reaction curves (the amount of graphite as a function of graphitization time) was carried out by means of a dilatometric method, It was established, that the reaction follows a sigmoidal curve and the amount of graphite is time dependent according to the equation ?J = 1 -e*p -(Rt")
where K is the reaction rate constant and 12 is the exponent of the reaction. The nucleation and growth curves of the graphite were also determined after various preliminary heat treatments.
It was established, that the reaction exponent n depends on the controlling factor of the process (1.5 < rs < 3 at all temperatures).
Three extreme cases were isolated: (i) When the rate of nucleation per unit volume decreases with time, and the radial growth of the graphite nodule is proportional to the square root of time, then ?a = 2, In this case the growth of the nodules is controlled by diffusion only. (ii) When the rate of nucleation per unit volume decreases with time, and the radial growth of the graphite nodules is directly proportional to time, then n = 3. (iii)
In this case the growth of the nodules is controlled by the breakdown of the carbide. When the rate of nucleation per unit volume is zero, in other words, if all the nuclei already exist and the radial growth is proportional to the square root of time, then n = 1.5.
ZUR KIMETIK DER GRAPHITISIERUKG VON STAHL BEI UNTERKRITISCHEN TEMPERATUREN
Reaktionskurven
der Graphitisierung (Graphitmenge als Funktion der Graphitisierungszeit) wurden mit Hilfe einer dilatometrisohen Methode bestimmt.
Die Reaktion folgt einer sigma-artigen Kurve, die Graphitmenge hangt von der Zeit ab gem&2 der Gleichung y = 1 -exp (-KP), wo K die Geschwindigkcitskonstante der Reaktion und 12 ihr Exponent ist. Ebenfalls wurden Keimbildungs-und Wachstumskurven des Graphits nach verschiedenen vorhergehenden Witrmebehandlungen bestimmt. Der Reaktionsexponent n h&m& davon ab, welcher Faktor den ProzeD bestimmt (bei allen Temperaturen war 1.5 < m < 3).
Drei Extremfalte liegen sich isolieren: (I) Wenn die Keimbildungsgeschwindigkeit pro Volumen mit der Zeit abnimmt und das radiale Waehstum der Graphitkn~tchen der Quadrat~rz01 aus der Zeit proportional ist, ist n = 2. In diesem Fall wird das Waohstum der Knotchen nur durch die Diffusion bestimmt.
(II) Wenn die Keimbildungsgeschwindigkeit pro Volumen mit der Zeit abnimmt, und das radiale Wachstum der Knotohen der Zeit direkt proportional ist, ist n, = 3. In diesem Fall wird das Wachstum der Knotchen durch den Zerfall des Karbids bestinnnt. (III) Wenn die Keimbildungsgeschwindigkeit pro Volumen null ist, mit anderen Worten, wenn alle Keime bereits vorhanden sind, und das radiale Wachstum der Quaclratwurzel ans der Zeit, proportional ist, ist ra = 1.5.
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