The Impact of Emission Trading on Innovation 123 change in relation to goal and instrument setting. The most significant structural changes noted are the creation of a ministry of the environment in Spain, and technical agencies in the UK, France, Spain and Sweden. The national policy styles do not appear to have changed that much as a result of EU influence. However, there are signs that some countries, such as Sweden and Austria, have become more adversarial as a result of EU policy making.
Both the co-editors and the author of the foreword point to the slow pace of convergence, although the latter does not see this as a problem, but more a symptom of the scale of the challenge. National policy styles appear not to have changed that much. There is an admission that content rather than form of policy has not been captured well by the analysis. The book also points to the promise of including non-European countries in future studies, to provide a better idea of the counter-factual, although recognizing the limited number of countries suited to such studies.
Overall, the book is both a useful addition to the Europeanization research and provides an overview of the institutional and decision-making structures over time. Consequently it should appeal to a wide range of policy researchers, who can also use the book as an excellent reference source for the countries covered.