The heavens of the sky and the heavens of the heart: the Ottoman cultural context for the introduction of post-Copernican astronomy I would like to thank Theodore Porter, Hossein Ziai, Carlo Ginzburg, Robert Westman, Mary Terrall, Benjamin Elman, Norton Wise, Herbert Davidson and Ahmad Alwisha for the notes and the encouragement. Thanks to Howard Goodman for the notes and the stylish English. Special thanks to the anonymous referees for the illuminating notes. The paper was first presented at the History of Science Colloquium at UCLA.