Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Preface
Credits and Acknowledgments
Table of Contents
Part I: Eagle Classification, Genetics and Ecology
1. Systematic List of the “True Eagles” (Subfamily Aquilinae; Genus Aquila)
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos (Linnaeus, 1758)
1.3 Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax (Temminck, 1828)
1.4 Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis (Hodgson, 1833)
1.5 Spanish Imperial Eagle Aquila adalberti (C.L. Brehm, 1861)
1.6 Eastern Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca (Savigny, 1809)
1.7 Wahlberg’s Eagle Aquila wahlbergi or Hieraaetus wahlbergi (Sundevall, 1851)
1.8 Gurney’s Eagle Aquila gurneyi (Gray, 1860)
1.9 Wedge-tailed Eagle Aquila audax (Latham, 1801)
1.10 Verreaux’s or Black Eagle Aquila verreauxi (Lesson, 1830)
1.11 Bonelli’s Eagle Aquila fasciata (Vieillot, 1822) or Hieraaetus fasciatus (Vieillot, 1822)
1.12 African Hawk-eagle Aquila africana (Cassin, 1865)
1.13 Cassin’s Hawk Eagle Aquila africana (Cassin, 1865)
2. Systematic List of the “Booted Eagles” (Subfamily Aquilinae; Genera Hieraaetus, Spizaetus, Nisaetus, Lophaetus, Clanga, Ictinaetus, Stephanoaetus, Polemaetus and Lophotriorchis)
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus (Gmelin, 1788) or Aquila pennata
2.3 Little Eagle Hieraaetus morphnoides (Gould, 1841)
2.4 Pygmy Eagle Hieraaetus weiskei (Reichenow, 1900) or Aquila weiskei
2.5 Ayres’s Hawk Eagle Hieraaetus ayresii (Gurney, 1862) or Aquila ayresii (Gurney 1862)
2.6 Rufous-bellied Eagle Lophotriorchis kienerii (G. de Sparre, 1835) or Chestnut-bellied Hawk-eagle Hieraaetus kienerii (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1835)
2.7 Changeable Hawk Eagle or Crested Hawk Eagle Nisaetus cirrhatus (Gmelin, 1788) (formerly Spizaetus cirrhatus)
2.8 Flores Hawk Eagle Nisaetus floris (Hartert, 1898)
2.9 Mountain Hawk Eagle Nisaetus nipalensis (Hodgson, 1836), also called the Feather-toed Hawk Eagle, and formerly Spizaetus nipalensis
2.10 Legge’s Hawk Eagle Nisaetus kelaarti (Legge, 1878)
2.11 Javan Hawk Eagle Nisaetus bartelsi (Stresemann, 1924) (formerly Spizaetus bartelsi)
2.12 Sulawesi Hawk Eagle Nisaetus lanceolatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)
2.13 Philippine Hawk Eagle or North Philippine Hawk Eagle or Northern Philippine Hawk Eagle Nisaetus philippensis (Gould, 1863)
2.14 South Philippine Hawk Eagle or Pinsker’s Hawk Eagle Nisaetus pinskeri (Preleuthner and Gamauf, 1998)
2.15 Blyth’s Hawk Eagle Nisaetus alboniger (Blyth, 1845) (formerly Spizaetus alboniger)
2.16 Wallace’s Hawk Eagle Nisaetus nanus (Wallace, 1868) (formerly Spizaetus nanus)
2.17 Black Hawk Eagle or Tyrant Hawk Eagle Spizaetus tyrannus (Wied, 1820)
2.18 Black-and-White Hawk-Eagle Spizastur melanoleucus (Vieillot, 1816) or Spizaetus melanoleucus (Vieillot, 1816)
2.19 Ornate Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus ornatus (Daudin, 1800)
2.20 Black-and-chestnut Eagle or Isidor’s Eagle (Spizaetus isidori, Des Murs, 1845, or Oroaetus isidori, Des Murs, 1845)
2.21 Greater Spotted Eagle Clanga clanga (formerly Aquila clanga) (Pallas, 1811)
2.22 Lesser Spotted Eagle Clanga pomarina (Brehm, 1831) formerly Aquila pomarina or Lophaetus pomarinus
2.23 Indian Spotted Eagle Clanga hastata (Lesson, 1834)
2.24 Martial Eagle Polemaetus bellicosus (Daudin, 1800)
2.25 Crowned Eagle or African Crowned Eagle or Crowned Hawk Eagle Stephanoaetus coronatus (Linnaeus, 1766)
2.26 Long-crested Eagle Lophaetus occupitalis (Daudin, 1800)
2.27 Black eagle Ictinaetus malayensis or Ictinaetus malaiensis (Blyth, 1843 or Temminck, 1822)
3. Systematic List of the Serpent Eagles Circaetinae: Genera Circaetus, Eutriorchis, Pithecophaga, Spilornis and Terathopius
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Short-toed Snake Eagle (or Short-toed Harrier Eagle, Black-breasted Harrier Eagle, or Beaudouin’s Harrier Eagle) Circaetus gallicus (Gmelin, 1788)
3.3 Black-chested or Black-breasted Snake Eagle Circaetus pectoralis A. Smith, 1829
3.4 Beaudouin’s Snake Eagle Circaetus beaudouini (Verreaux & Des Murs, 1862)
3.5 Brown Snake Eagle Circaetus cinereus (Vieillot, 1818)
3.6 Southern Banded Snake Eagle or East African Snake Eagle or Fasciated Snake Eagle Circaetus fasciolatus (Kaup, 1850)
3.7 Western Banded Snake Eagle or Smaller Banded Snake Eagle Circaetus cinerascens (von Müller, 1851)
3.8 Bateleur Eagle Terathopius ecaudatus (Daudin, 1800)
3.9 Philippine Serpent Eagle Spilornis holospilus (Vigors, 1831)
3.10 Sulawesi Serpent Eagle or Celebes Serpent Eagle Spilornis rufipectus (Gould, 1858)
3.11 Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela (Latham, 1790)
3.12 Nicobar Serpent Eagle Spilornis klossi (Richmond, 1902)
3.13 Andaman Serpent Eagle Spilornis elgini (Blyth, 1863)
3.14 Congo Serpent Eagle Dryotriorchis spectabilis or Circaetus spectabilis (Schlegel, 1863)
3.15 Madagascar Serpent Eagle Eutriorchis astur (Sharpe, 1875)
3.16 Philippine Eagle, Monkey-eating Eagle or Great Philippine eagle Pithecophaga jefferyi (Ogilvie-Grant, 2019)
4. Systematic List of the Sea Eagles Subfamily Haliaeetinae; Genus Haliaeetus
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Steller’s Sea Eagle Haliaeetus pelagicus (Pallas, 1811)
4.3 White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla (Linnaeus, 1758)
4.4 Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Linnaeus, 1766)
4.5 Pallas’s Sea Eagle or Pallas’s Fish Eagle Haliaeetus leucoryphus (Pallas, 1771)
4.6 Madagascar Fish Eagle or Madagascan Fish Eagle Haliaeetus vociferoides (Des Murs, 1845)
4.7 African Fish Eagle or African Sea Eagle Haliaeetus vocifer (Daudin, 1800)
4.8 White-bellied Sea Eagle or White-Breasted Sea Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster (Gmelin, 1788)
4.9 Sanford’s Sea Eagle Haliaeetus sanfordi (Mayr, 1935)
4.10 Lesser Fish Eagle Haliaeetus humilis (Müller & Schlegel, 1841) or Icthyophaga humilis (Müller & Schlegel, 1841)
4.11 Grey-headed Fish Eagle Haliaeetus ichthyaetus (Horsfield, 1821) or Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus
5. Systematic List of the Harpy Eagles Subfamily Harpiinae; Genera Harpia, Morphnus, Harpyopsis and Buteogallus (formerly Harpyhaliaetus)
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Guiana Crested Eagle or Crested Eagle Morphnus guianensis (Daudin, 1800)
5.3 Harpy Eagle Harpia harpyja (Linnaeus, 1758)
5.4 New Guinea Eagle or Papuan Eagle or Papuan Harpy Eagle Harpyopsis novaeguineae (Salvadori, 1875)
5.5 Black Solitary Eagle or Solitary Eagle Buteogallus solitarius (Tschudi, 1844)
5.6 Chaco or Crowned Eagle or Crowned Solitary Eagle Buteogallus coronatus (Vieillot, 1817)
Part II: Eagles and Their Ecological Relations
6. Eagles and Their Competitors
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Eagle Competition with Other Eagles
6.3 Competition between Eagles and Other Avian Species
6.4 Eagles, Canids, Felids and Other Medium-Sized Animals
6.5 Eagles and Domesticated Animals
6.6 Conclusions
7. Climate, Relief, Landcover and Eagles
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Climate, Weather and Relief
7.3 Eagles, Thermals and Orographic Lift
7.4 Eagles and Biomes
7.5 Conclusions
Part III: Eagles and Conservation Issues
8. Eagles and Cultural Landscapes
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Eagles, Urbanization and Rural Environmental Change
8.3 Eagles and Aeroplane Collisions
8.4 Eagles and Wind Turbines
8.5 Eagles and Electric Power Lines
8.6 Conclusions
9. Eagles and Environmental Chemistry
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Chemical Elements
9.3 Chemical Compounds
9.4 Conclusions
10. Eagle Ecology and Geomatics-Based Research
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Definitions and Applications of Geomatics
10.3 Remote Sensing Techniques
10.4 Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
10.5 Drones and Remote Sensing Applications
10.6 Remote Sensing Applications to Habitat Identification and Analysis
10.7 GPS Applications to Animal Behavior, Presence and Movements
10.8 GPS and Drone Applications to Eagle Studies
10.9 Definitions and Applications of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to Eagle Studies
10.10 Conclusions
11. Eagles as Individuals and Free Spatial Agents
11.1 Introduction
11.2 The Development of Zoogeography, ‘Disequilibrium Ecology’ and Animal Geography
11.3 Migration and Movements
11.4 Prey Foraging in New Environments
11.5 Species Reintroductions
11.6 Kleptoparasitism and Interspecific Competition
11.7 Eagles at Landfills
11.8 Eagle Responses to Human Activities
11.9 Conclusions
12. Eagles in Social History and Conservation
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Eagles in Religion, Symbolism and Heraldry
12.3 Eagles in Falconry and Hunting
12.4 Current Public Attitudes to Eagles and Eagle Conservation Legislation
12.5 The Future of Eagles: Conclusions and Summary
12.6 Conclusions
References
Index