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The Grand Rapids dip revisited

โœ Scribed by Paul M. Hurst; David Harte; William J. Frith


Book ID
102979863
Publisher
Elsevier Science
Year
1994
Tongue
English
Weight
684 KB
Volume
26
Category
Article
ISSN
0001-4575

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โœฆ Synopsis


This analysis addresses an issue that has concerned road safety authorities for some 28 years: the celebrated "Grand Rapids Dip." This, most readers will recognise, is the below-baseline excursion, which occurs in the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) interval of .Ol%-.04%, of the relative risk curve for accident risk versus blood alcohol, derived from the 1964 Grand Rapids Study data. The present analysis has its starting place in the explanation advanced by Allsop, who noted that the case/control comparisons were biased due to the disproportionate representation of demographic subgroups in different blood alcohol concentration class intervals. Indeed, when relative-risk curves are derived separately for subgroups of differing drinking habits, the resulting separate risk curves all show monotonic increases at al1 blood alcohol concentration ranges. Such separate relative risk curves are unpopular, and most of the road safety community pays them little heed. Thus, the original concept of the "dip" remains with us. For this reason, we have derived, using a simple but realistic statisticat model, a single relative-hazard curve from the Grand Rapids data, one that is free from the distortion introduced by unequal representation of different demographic subgroups in different blood alcohol concentration class intervals. This curve indicates that accident risk increases with increased blood alcohol concentration regardless of self-reported drinking frequency. However more frequent drinkers have less risk at all blood alcohol concentration levels, including zero, than less frequent drinkers at the times and places sampled.


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