The Globalization Reader

✍ Scribed by Frank J. Lechner; John Boli

• Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
• Year: 2020
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 644
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

An introduction to the issues surrounding the complex and controversial realities of today's interconnected world, the revised sixth edition Since its initial publication, The Globalization Reader has been lauded for its comprehensive coverage of the issues surrounding globalization. Now in its sixth edition, the Reader has been thoroughly revised and updated and continues to review the most important global trends. Including readings by a variety of authors, the text offers a wide-ranging and authoritative introduction to the political, economic, cultural, and experiential aspects of globalization. The updated sixth edition presents the most accessible and comprehensive review of current debates and research. Contributions from scholars, activists, and organizations provide balanced viewpoints and expert coverage of the many aspects of globalization. The Globalization Reader offers readings on an exciting range of new topics as well as retaining key globalization topics such as the experience of globalization, economic and political globalization, the role of media and religion in cultural globalization, women’s rights, environmentalism, global civil society, and the alternative globalization movement. This important resource: Covers the many complex dimensions of globalization Includes contributions from many of the most prominent globalization scholars Presents concise and informative introductions to each major topic Offers compelling discussion questions for each section Contains readings on a variety of new topics such as migration, medical tourism, state policy regarding abortion and same-sex sexual relations, the UN Global Compact, climate justice, and more Written for students in undergraduate and graduate courses in sociology, political science, anthropology and geography, the revised sixth edition covers courses such as globalization, comparative political economy, international relations and similar topics.

✦ Table of Contents

Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface to the Sixth Edition
General Introduction
Note on Selections
Part I Debating Globalization
Introduction
Chapter 1 The Hidden Promise: Liberty Renewed
The Priority of Liberty
The Open Society
The Individual’s Prayer
An Empire without End
Chapter 2 How to Judge Globalism
Global Interdependences and Movements
Are the Poor Getting Poorer?
Global Justice and the Bargaining Problem
Altering Global Arrangements
Institutions and Inequality
Fair Sharing of Global Opportunities
Chapter 3 The Elusive Concept of Globalisation
Globalisation: The Analytical Tool
Globalisation: The Political Agenda
Globalisation as Humanitarian Concern
The Moral Challenge
Chapter 4 The Clash of Civilizations?
The Next Pattern of Conflict
Why Civilizations Will Clash
The Fault Lines between Civilizations
The West versus the Rest
Chapter 5 The Millennium Development Goals Report 2015
Overview
Unprecedented Efforts Have Resulted in Profound Achievements
Despite Many Successes, the Poorest and Most Vulnerable People Are Being Left Behind
The Successes of the MDG Agenda Prove that Global Action Works. It Is the Only Path to Ensure that the New Development Agenda Leaves No One Behind
Part I Questions
Part II Explaining Globalization
Introduction
Chapter 6 The Modern World-System as a Capitalist World-Economy
Chapter 7 Sociology of the Global System
The Conceptual Space for Transnational Practices (TNP)
Economic Transnational Practices
The Transnational Capitalist Class
Labour and the Transnational Capitalist Class
Culture-Ideology Transnational Practices
The Culture-Ideology of Consumerism
The Theory of the Global System: A Summary
Chapter 8 A Brief History of Neoliberalism
Introduction
The Moving Map of Neoliberalization
Chapter 9 World Society and the Nation-State
Explanatory Models
Isomorphism and Isomorphic Change
Processes of World Society’s Impact on Nation-States
Conclusion
Chapter 10 Globalization as a Problem
The Crystallization of a Concept and a Problem
Coming to Terms with the World as a Whole
Globalization and the Search for Fundamentals
Universalism and Particularism Globalized
Chapter 11 Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy
Part III Experiencing Globalization
Introduction
Chapter 12 Waves in the History of Globalization
The First Wave of Globalization: Jamaica
Some Patterns in the First Wave
The Second Wave of Globalization: North Dakota
Some Patterns in the Second Wave
Chapter 13 McDonald’s in Hong Kong
Transnationalism and the Fast Food Industry
Mental Categories: Snack versus Meal
From Exotic to Ordinary: McDonald’s Becomes Local
Sanitation and the Invention of Cleanliness
What’s in a Smile? Friendliness and Public Service
Consumer Discipline?
Hovering and the Napkin Wars
Children as Consumers
Ronald McDonald and the Invention of Birthday Parties
Conclusions: Whose Culture Is It?
Chapter 14 The Transnational Villagers
The MDC’s Accomplishments
Chapter 15 Virtual Migration: The Programming of Globalization
Spatial Integration
Temporal Integration: Follow the Sun
Globally Yours: Reconfiguring the Lifeworld
Chapter 16 Fear and Money in Dubai
Fantasy Levitated
Gigantism
War Zone
Chapter 17 Outpatients: The Astonishing New World of Medical Tourism
Orbán’s Dentist
Chapter 18 An Anthropology of Structural Violence
Chapter 19 Crazy Like Us: The Globalization of the American Psyche
Junk Science and First World Medicine
The Mega-Marketing of Depression
Early Adopters Have Second Thoughts
Part IV Globalization and the World Economy
Introduction
Chapter 20 China Makes, the World Takes
Chapter 21 Commodity Chains and Marketing Strategies: Nike and the Global Athletic Footwear Industry
Trends in the US Athletic Shoe Market
Nike Corporation: Competition, Upgrading, and Innovationin a Commodity Chain
Conclusions
Chapter 22 The Sticky Superpower
Power through Neglect
Chapter 23 Global Income Inequality by the Numbers: In History and Now: An Overview
Chapter 24 The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries Are Failing and What Can Be Done About It
Traps, and the Countries Caught in Them
The Role of Growth in Development
Chapter 25 The Global Financial Crisis and Its Effects
A Brief Chronology
Underlying Causes
The Initial Economic Impact
Policy Responses
Chapter 26 The Twin Excesses – Financialization and Globalization – Caused the Crash
Chapter 27 Globalism’s Discontents
Beneficial Globalization
The Darker Side of Globalization
Lessons of Crisis
The Costs of Volatility
The Governance of Globalization
Governance through Ideology
An Unfair Trade Agenda
Global Social Justice
Part V Globalization and the Nation‐State
Introduction
Chapter 28 The Declining Authority of States
The Neglected Factor – Technology
The Second Neglect – Finance
Politics, Power and Legitimacy
Chapter 29 Global Organized Crime
The New Criminality
Criminalization and the Rise of the State as a Courtesan
Chapter 30 Has Globalization Gone Too Far?
Sources of Tension
The Role of National Governments
Chapter 31 The Individualization of Society and the Liberalization of State Policies on Same‐Sex Sexual Relations, 1984–1995
Changes in State Policies on Homosexual Relations
Two Broader Contexts
Overall Cultural Individualism
Individualized Gender Equality
Linkages to World Society
Chapter 32 Abortion Liberalization in World Society, 1960–2009
Introduction
Background
Results
Discussion and Conclusion
Part V Questions
Part VI Global Governance
Introduction
Chapter 33 The International Monetary Fund
The Effects of IMF Programs on the Balance of Payments
Economic Growth
Income Distribution and Social Spending
Conclusion
Chapter 34 ISO and the Infrastructure for a Global Market
The ISO Network and Its Voluntary Consensus Process: The Actors and Why They Are Involved
A Standard and Its Consequences
Setting the Standard
Chapter 35 Global Health Governance: A Conceptual Review
Introduction
Chapter 36 The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation’s Grant-Making Programme for Global Health
Introduction
The Gates Foundation’s Grant-Making Programme
Chapter 37 IMPACT: Transforming Business, Changing the World – The United Nations Global Compact
The Ten Principles of the UN Global Compact
Taking Root: The Global Spread of Sustainability
Into the Fold: Expanding the Scope of Corporate Sustainability
Part VI Questions
Part VII Globalization, INGOs, and Civil Society
Introduction
Chapter 38 NGOs and Climate Crisis: Fragmentation, Lines of Conflict and Strategic Approaches
Mixed Bunch
Trends in Climate Work
Fragmentation and Diverging Interests
Common Denominator: Two Degrees
First Line of Conflict: Burden Sharing between North and South
Second Line of Conflict: Market Mechanisms vs. System Change
Local vs. International
Conclusion
Chapter 39 The Evolution of Debates over Female Genital Cutting
The Health Compromise
Women’s Rights as Human Rights
Chapter 40 Women’s Human Rights and the Muslim Question: Iran’s One Million Signatures Campaign
Human Rights Discourse in Practice: The One Million Signatures Campaign
Chapter 41 World Culture in the World Polity: A Century of International Non-Governmental Organization
An Historical Overview of the INGO Population
World Development, INGOs, and Capitalistand Interstate Systems
INGOs as Enactors and Carriers of World Culture
Conclusion
Chapter 42 Closing the Corruption Casino: The Imperatives of a Multilateral Approach
Chapter 43 Trading Diamonds Responsibly: Institutional Explanations for Corporate Social Responsibility
Global CSR Norms: Opportunities for the Conflict Diamonds Campaign
Translating Norms into Practice: The Kimberley Process
Chapter 44 Poverty Capital: Microfinance and the Making of Development
Fall from Grace?
Homegrown Institutions
Poverty Truths
The Conditions of Protection
Part VII Questions
Part VIII Globalization and Media
Introduction
Chapter 45 Cultural Imperialism
“Watching Dallas”: The Imperialist Text and Audience Research
Multinational Capitalism and Cultural Homogenisation
Chapter 46 Mapping Global Media Flow and Contra-Flow
Localisation of Global Americana
‘Subaltern’ Contra-Flows: Anti-Hegemonic or Pro-Americana?
Transnational Telenovelas
Hybridity as Hegemony
Chapter 47 Hybridity and the Rise of Korean Popular Culture in Asia
What is the Korean Wave?
Korean Media Liberalization and Development
Chapter 48 Landing of the Wave: Hallyu in Peru and Brazil
Brazil
Peru
Research Design and Results
Chapter 49 Watching Big Brother at Work: A Production Study of Big Brother Australia
The Rise of Popular Factual Entertainment
Making it Aussie: Indigenising an International Format
Producing Big Brother
Developing a Fan Base
Big Brother Online
Chapter 50 Bollywood versus Hollywood: Battle of the Dream Factories
Introduction
Bollywood and Third Cinema
‘Hollywood Raises Hell in Bollywood’
Conclusion
Chapter 51 Why Hollywood Rules the World, and Whether We Should Care
Why Clustering in Hollywood?
The Drive towards Clustering
American Cultural Imperialism?
Part IX Globalization and Religion
Introduction
Chapter 52 Bin Laden and Other Thoroughly Modern Muslims
The Islamists’ Roots in Secular Education
Modern Goals, Modern Methods
The Radical Minority
Chapter 53 Globalised Islam: The Search for a New Ummah
Chapter 54 The Christian Revolution
The Rise of Christendom
Chapter 55 American Evangelicals: The Overlooked Globalizers and Their Unintended Gospel of Modernity
Introduction
American Evangelicalism: Vanguard of a Transnational Religious Movement
The Language of the Market
The Language of Multiculturalism
Conclusion: An Unintended Gospel of Modernity
Chapter 56 Religious Rejections of Globalization
Religion and Antiglobalization Activism: The Case of the Debt Movement
Religion and Antiglobalization Discourse
Religion and Alternative Visions of Globalization
Chapter 57 The Decontexualization of Asian Religious Practices in the Context of Globalization
Flows of Asian Global Religious Practices
The Modern Fascination with the Self
Decontextualizing Asian Global Religious Practices
Psychology and Meditation
Part IX Questions
Part X Globalization and Identity
Introduction
Chapter 58 Moral Choices and Global Desires: Feminine Identity in a Transnational Realm
Meeting Sumitra
Mapping a Family
Women in the Village
Articulating Womanhood
Synthesizing an Identity
Freedom and Possibility: Banishing the Ban Manche
Globalization, Conflict and Self-Definition
Chapter 59 Global/Indian: Cultural Politics in the IT Workplace
Navigating Cultural Terrain at Work: Corporate Perspectives
Chapter 60 Strategic Inauthenticity
Youssou N’Dour: “A Modern Griot”
Whose Authenticity?
Chapter 61 Orange Nation: Soccer and National Identity in the Netherlands
The Aura of 1974
Chapter 62 Cosmopolitans and Locals in World Culture
The Cosmopolitan Perspective: Orientation and Competence
Cosmopolitanism and the Varieties of Mobility
The Cosmopolitan at Home
Conclusion: The Dependence of Cosmopolitans on Locals,and their Shared Interests
Chapter 63 Cosmopolitanism & Humanism
Part X Questions
Part XI Global Environmentalism
Introduction
Chapter 64 Greenpeace and Political Globalism
Transnational Organizational Structure
Greenpeace’s Politics
Political Strategies
Chapter 65 Environmental Advocacy Networks
The Campaign against Deforestation in Sarawak
Conclusions
Chapter 66 Toward Democratic Governance for Sustainable Development: Transnational Civil Society Organizing around Big Dams
The Rise of Domestic Opposition
The Building of Transnational Linkages
Taking on the World Bank
The Genesis of the World Commission on Dams
Chapter 67 Ozone Depletion
Chapter 68 Movements for Climate Justice in the US and Worldwide
Origins of Climate Justice
The Case for Climate Justice
Challenging Fossil Fuels and the False Solutions
To the Summits and Beyond
Into the Future
Chapter 69 Speech of the IPCC Chairman, Rajendra K. Pachauri, at the Opening Session of the World Economic Forum, Davos, Switzerland
Part XI Questions
Part XII Contesting Globalization: Alternatives and Opposition
Introduction
Chapter 70 Counterhegemonic Globalization: Transnational Social Movements in the Contemporary Political Economy
The New Organizational Foundations of Counterhegemonic Globalization
Labor as a Global Social Movement
Chapter 71 The Global Justice Movement
A Brief History of the Global Justice Movement
A Movement Against the Neoliberal Ideology
Three Major Tendencies
Chapter 72 The Twelve Assumptions of an Alter‐Globalisation Strategy
Chapter 73 The Global South: The WTO and Deglobalization
Chapter 74 Ecological Balance in an Era of Globalization
The Three Waves of Globalization
The Community, the State, and the Corporation
Globalization as Environmental Apartheid
Northern Dumping in the South
People’s Movements for the Protection of Biodiversity and Collective Rights
The Movement for Declaration of Community Rights to Biodiversity: The Case of Pattuvam Panchayat
Navdanya: Seeds of Freedom
Conclusion
Chapter 75 Porto Alegre Call for Mobilization
Chapter 76 When and Why Nationalism Beats Globalism
Chapter One: The Rise of the Globalists
Chapter Two: Globalists and Nationalists Grow Further Apart on Immigration
Chapter Three: Muslim Immigration Triggers the Authoritarian Alarm
Chapter Four: What Now?
Chapter 77 The Globalization of Rage: Why Today’s Extremism Looks Familiar
Part XII Questions
Index
EULA