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The Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers in Bangladesh: basin denudation and sedimentation

✍ Scribed by Mohammad Rezwanul Islam; Syeda Fahliza Begum; Yasushi Yamaguchi; Katsuro Ogawa

Publisher
John Wiley and Sons
Year
1999
Tongue
English
Weight
216 KB
Volume
13
Category
Article
ISSN
0885-6087

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✦ Synopsis

Every year the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers in Bangladesh transport 316 and 721 million tonnes of sediment, respectively. These high loads of suspended sediment reΒ―ect the very high rate of denudation in their drainage basins. The average mechanical denudation rate for the Ganges and Brahmaputra basins together is 365 mm 10 3 yr Γ€1 . However, the rate is higher in the Brahmaputra Basin than that in the Ganges Basin. Several factors, including mean trunk channel gradient, relief ratio, runo, basin lithology and recurring earthquakes are responsible for these high denudation rates. Of the total suspended sediment load (i.e. 1037 million tonnes) transported by these rivers, only 525 million tonnes (c. 51% of the total load) are delivered to the coastal area of Bangladesh and the remaining 512 million tonnes are deposited within the lower basin, osetting the subsidence. Of the deposited load, about 289 million tonnes (about 28% of the total load) are deposited on the Β―oodplains of these rivers. The remaining 223 million tonnes (about 21% of the total load) are deposited within the river channels, resulting in aggradation of the channel bed at an average rate of about 3 . 9 cm yr Γ€1 . Although the Brahmaputra transports a higher sediment load than the Ganges, the channel bed aggradation rate is much higher for the Ganges. This study also documents a wide range of interannual, seasonal and daily variation in suspended sediment transport and water discharge. Interannual variation in sediment deposition within the basin is also suggested.

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