This volume contains selected, refereed papers from the ninth conference of the Society for Judaeo-Arabic Studies held at Emory University, Atlanta, in 1999. The title of this volume, "Esoteric and Exoteric Aspects in Judeo-Arabic Culture" highlights the theme running through many of the conference
The Esoteric Deviation in Islam
✍ Scribed by Umar Ibrahim Vadillo
- Publisher
- Madinah Press
- Year
- 2003
- Tongue
- English
- Leaves
- 973
- Category
- Library
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
✦ Synopsis
In this magisterial near-1000 page study of the current state of Islam the author surveys today’s situation in the light of the sociology and doctrines that have affected the world Muslim community over the last 150 years. Based on a vast research, a carefully argued case is put which is both a critique and analysis of deviation, and a construct for Islam’s future.
The author delineates the key term of “esotericism” in Part 1 of the book, describing it as that tendency to consider what is inward more important than what is outward, and therefore to transform Islam into an esoteric, or inward, religion of `Islamic principles’, in which outer matters, and ultimately the Shari‘ah, are negotiable, abrogated, to be modernised, contingent, or merely of secondary importance.
Throughout the book he couples this phenomenon with the integration and assimilation of the Muslim Ummah into the new religion of capitalism, unveiling the doctrine of “All religions are equal” as actually meaning “All religions are equally wrong”, and defining the supposedly inclusivistic perennialist movements, as well as modernist movements, all as means of allowing the Muslims to submit to the now dominant capitalist dogma. Now, he states, the religions, and in particular Islam, can be democratically questioned, only capitalism and its laws remain aloof, unquestionable.
The extensive appendices, glossaries, footnotes and bibliography make up a monumental study resource and fascinating reading in their own right.
There is no other book of this kind in existence today. One of its greatest achievements is to depict the modernist/wahhabi and perennialist/pseudo-sufic fronts as merging in the assimilation into capitalism. The esoteric deviation is a philosophy of defeat. The Muslim seeking answers to the modern predicament will inevitably come to the door of this work, and in it will find relief, openings, and an opportunity to start afresh and return to the beginning, reminded of the obligation of obedience over and against utilitarian pragmatism, and of Allah’s promise to the Muslims of victory.
“For a hundred years we have been without Khalifate. For the last hundred years a reform was introduced in Islam on two fronts which was meant to paralyse Islam, the only force that could prevent capitalism from reaching its final destiny, the world state. One front was an exoteric modernism and the second was an esoteric traditionalism or perennialism. Both were influenced by freemasonry and incited by freemasons. In our present day, both fronts have merged into one front. This esoteric deviation is preparing Islam to enter the final phase of capitalism. We will prevent it. This book is the first step to eradicating this hundred year old plague. Insha’allah.
✦ Table of Contents
Contents
Preface
The problem is called capitalism
The thesis of this book
Questions demanding an answer
Introduction
The global values towards world unity
The United Religions Initiative
Global citizenship
The World Parliaments
The World Scripture
The Temple of Understanding
The Abrahamic Religion
The World Earth Day
Capitalism continues
The Muslims and the new esoteric order
Part 1: What is esotericism?
The notion of esotericism
The esoteric foundations
The Fall
Universalism
Dualism
Satanism
The esoteric method
Symbolism
Analogy
The esoteric motifs
Universality of religions
Definition
Perennialism
The doctrine of the 'Unity of belief in God found in all religions'
The revealed books are all accepted
Comparative religions
Brotherhood of mankind
Definition
The supporters of the brotherhood of mankind
Brotherhood in Islam
Messianism and mahdism
The islamilis' Mahdi
The imamiyya's Mahdi
The ahmadiyya's Mahdi
The shia's Mahdi
Jewish messianism
Millenialism
The power of the myth
Esoteric millenialism
An example: the jehovah's witnesses
Pseudo-Sufi millennialism
Year-2000-paranoia
Esoteric politics - the United Nations
The United Nations and esotericism
The United Nations and its esoteric millennium events
The UN and human rights
Part 2: The esoteric phenomenon
The esoteric experience
The secret and the idea of progress
The esoteric deviation
The esoteric order
Esotericism and capitalism
Esotericism and Tasawwuf
Esotericism and interfaith dialogue
Esoteric humanism
Esotericism and the philosophy of human rights
An Islamic critique of human rights
Esotericism and constitutionalism
What is constitutionalism?
Esotericism and state
Esotericism and democracy
Sovereignty
Pluralism
Genealogy of new morals
The new role of religion
The idea behind tolerance
Toleration as assimilation
Tolerance and compulsion
The emancipation of usury and the jews
Tolerance as totalitarianism
Part 3: The religious reforms
The christian reform: puritanism and the christianisation of usury
The christian reform as a model of esotericisation
Luther
Martin Bucer
John Calvin
The christian reform as the christian acceptance of usury
The consequence of the christian reform: utilitarianism
The Ring and the emergence of capitalism
The Islamic reform: puritanism and the islamisation of usury
The Islamic reform as esotericisation
The Islamic reform as the acceptance of usury
The consequence of the Islamic reform: utilitarianism
Part 4: Freemasonry
Introduction
Multi-confessionalism
Masonic humanism
What is freemasonry?
Definition and name
The origins of freemasonry
Political diversity
Mythical origin of freemasonry
Alchemical, kabbalistic and hermetic lore
Fundamental principles
The lodge and initiation
The myth
Symbolism
Anti-dogmatism
The Landmarks (the Old Limits)
Anti-masonry
Anti-masonry today
History of anti-masonry
Political anti-masonry
The esoteric character of freemasonry
Deism and tradition
What is Tradition?
Attitude towards atheism and rationalism
The origins of esoteric freemasonry
André Michel Ramsay, Knight of Ramsay (1686-1743)
Martines de Pasqually (1727-1774)
Jean-Baptiste Willermoz (1730-1824)
Louis-Calude de Saint-Martin (1743-1803)
Joseph de Maistre (1754-1821)
The universalist character of freemasonry
Universal religion
World religion
Universal brotherhood
Messianism in freemasonry
Beyond a veil of conspiracy
The sociology of freemasonry
Some facts about freemasonry
Masonry in the muslim world
The masonic experience of Amir Abdelkader
Part 5: Islam
The Foundations of Islam
The necessary things (wajiba) that you have to accept
The things (mustahila) that you accept about impossible matters
The things, the existence of which has been established, that you accept
The things which it is believed are certain to come
Concerning other religions
Christianity as a metaphysical fiction
The jews and christians are kuffar
The christian problem
The jewish problem
The kuffar want us to follow their religion
The dhimma
The mercy of the dhimma
The obligation of Jihad
Islam abrogates all other religions
The unacceptability of human rights under Islamic Law
Apostasy in Islamic Law
Slavery in Islamic Law
Riba in Islamic Law
Riba is not merely interest
Concerning the Mahdi
The fiqh on the Mahdi
The corruption of the sources
1. Esoteric ta'wil
2. Secret sources
Part 6: The Tanzimat: the esoteric preparation
The economics of the Tanzimat
The esotericism of the Tanzimat
The turn of the century
Money and the Rights of Man
Part 7: Political deviations in Islam
The mu'tazili
Our 'aqida
The shi'a
The ideas which the shi'a hold in common with the mu'tazili
Our position with regard to the shi'a
Imamiyya shi'a
Anti-governmental attitudes
An example of kufr among the shi'a doctrines
Messianism in the shi'a doctrine
Bahaism
The khawarij
The wahhabis
The modern khawarij
Coming from Najd
The habit of shaving their heads
Their war against Islam
Their creeds
The Ahl al-Hadith
The salafis
No ta'wil
Ibn Taymiyya as seen by the wahhabis
Part 8: The esotericisation of Tasawwuf
The general idea of the esotericisation of Tasawwuf
René Guénon
Esotericism
What is the Primordial Tradition?
What does Guénon mean by the exterior?
Mysteries
Occultism
Freemasonry
Was René Guénon a mason?
His debate with Julius Evola about freemasonry
Hinduism
The castes
Conclusion
Frithjof Schuon
His doctrine
Titus Burckhardt
The esotericisation of Tasawwuf
On tradition
His universality of religions
His extremism
The Law as exotericism
Symbolism and analogy
Martin Lings
His connection with Schuon
His perennialism
Devils
Negation of the necessity of Shari'ah
Symbolism
Islam and christianity
John G. Bennett and his people
John G. Bennett
George Gurdjieff
The Sarmoun Society
An inner circle of humanity
A kafir visits Makkah
His teachings
The Work
The Enneagram
Muhammad Subuh
Idries Shah
Shah had a career of awards
His ideas
Esoteric universality of religions
Separating Sufism from religion
His style
His masonic claims
His book The Elephant in the Dark
Shaykh 'Abdullah Daghestani
The prodigy
His teachings
Daghestani's meeting with Bennett
Daghestani's meeting with Gurdjieff
His predictions
Shaykh Nazim
Perennialism
The brotherhood of mankind
The places of worship
The books
Occultism and spiritual powers
Satanism
Fatalism
The philosophy of 'the Problem is Satan not Economics'
Conclusion
Henry Corbin
Misunderstanding the Muslims
On ta'wil
Abdel Haleem Mahmud
Inayat Khan
Part 9: The esotericisation of the Shari'ah
The stages of modernism
Taqlid and ijtihad
Key features
Rupture with the past
Free interpretation of texts
Islamisation of riba
The danger of making principles out of contracts
Stages of islamisation
No expansionist Jihad
Transformation of Zakat
Part 10: The Humanist Stage
Jamaluddin al-Afghani
He became a freemason
His relation with the babis
About his ideas
About his political activity
The Nationalist Liberal Party (Al-Hizb al-Watani al-Hurr)
The Young Egypt Association
The Salafiyyah movement
Muhammad 'Abduh
His life
A salafi follower of Afghani
He became a freemason
British support
On Khalifate and nationalism
His alienation from the 'ulema
His position on Islamic reform
His position on usury
Muhammad Rashid Reda
Al-Manar
The modernist-wahhabi alliance
British support
His modernism
The Young Turks and the anti-Khalifate position
Who were the Young Turks?
Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan
Part 11: The Utilitarian Stage
The birth of revivalism
The term 'revival'
What is revivalism?
Hasan al-Banna
Biography
His Islamic ideology
His political theory
The Palestinian issue
His historical theory
The name Ikhwan al-Muslimin and the wahhabis
On constitutions
On economics
Sayyid Abul A'la Maududi
His view of the Khalifate
His attack on Tasawwuf
His support of Ibn Taymiyya
His attack on 'Uthman, radiallahu 'anhu
His modernist commentary of Qur'an
No compulsion in the Deen
Changing the meaning of Jihad
On abrogation
On riba
On the brotherhood of mankind
His concept of Guidance (Hidaya): the universal guidance
Islamic principles
Friendship with the kuffar
Sexual puritanism
Stay at home
Veil your face and hands
Do not try to see each other
Islamic economics
Shari'ah: The Universal and Eternal Law
Dualism
His symbolic words
Ummah
Testimony of truth
The modernist Mahdi
Sir Muhammad Iqbal
Early life and career
He was a qadiani for many years
The issue of the ahmadiyya split in 1914
His ideas
On Khalifate
Reformism
Humanism and tolerance
His remarkable position on Ijtihad
Sayyid Qutb
His ideas
Constitutionalism
Humanism
Praising Muhammad 'Abduh
The concept of evil
The concept of the tyrant
The concept of living in the jahiliyya
His 'brotherhood of mankind'
His humanist thinking
Muhammad Asad
Constitutionalism
His connection with 'Abduh
His modernist position against the fiqh
His new fiqh
Part 12: The Assimilation Stage: esoteric nihilism
Introduction
The case against Islamic banking
The practice of Murabaha in Islamic banking
The case against the Islamic state
The Saudi state
The importance of the Oil
Esoteric wahhabism
The Religious Dialogue
John Esposito and his people
Tasawwuf and Assimilation
Sayyed Hussein Nasr
His connection with Schuon
Perennialism
Anti-Taqlid
Shaykh Ahmad Kuftaro
Kuftaro's participation in the interfaith dialogue movement
His dialogue with the catholic church
The Abrahamic Dialogue
World Scripture
The Interfaith Summit Conference
The jews and the christians in Syria before Kuftaro
Kuftaro's teaching
Shaykh Hisham Kabbani
Khurshid Ahmad
Biography
Perennialism
On revivalism (Iqbal and Maududi) as a new age
Traditionalism
The father of Islamic economics
His comparative religion career
Hassan Hathout
Brotherhood of mankind
Universality of religions
Unity of belief in God
Political implications
No Jihad to expand the Deen
Pluralism
Constitutionalism
The principle of shura
Sheikh Rachid al-Ghannoushi
Isma'il Raji al-Faruqi
Faruqi's doctrines
Dualism
Tolerance
Egalitarianism
Anwar Ibrahim
His political career
Thinking like a freemason
Comparative religions and interfaith dialogue
The brotherhood of mankind
Tolerance
No taqlid
Revivalism
Yusuf Qardawi
His ideas
Tolerance
Brotherhood of Mankind
Dialogue and comparative religions
The head of the salafiyya sect
The need for a new fiqh
Secular state and islamisation
Constitutionalism and democracy
Banking and paper-money
Islamic insurance
His endorsement of Dr. Hassan Hathout
His endorsement of Rashid Reda
Part 13: The politics of the esoteric deviation
Political docility
The philosophy of 'the Muslims are weak'
Anti-Khalifate programme
The Arab Khalifate
Khalifate as parliamentary democracy
The Khalifate as spiritual authority only
The Khalifate as a commonwealth of states
Waiting on the Khalifa
The Khalifate is already finished
Puritanism
Part 14: The opening of Islam
The 'Amal of Madinah
1. The restoration of the 'Amal
2. The political aspects of the 'Amal
Tasawwuf
Renewal through Islam
Beyond political parties
A programme based on the 'Amal of Madinah
A new science of trading
Part 15: Conclusion
Islam over kufr
A final word
Appendices
Appendix 1. Ibn Khaldun's "On the Matter of the Mahdi"
Appendix 2. Ibn Taymiyya: the School of Madinah
The soundness of the basic premises of the School of the People of Madinah
The text of the question which Ibn Taymiyya was asked
The excellence of Madinah and its people in hadith
The consensus of the people of Madinah is a proof as opposed to other muslim cities
Odious innovations like the shi'a and the qadariyya issued from almost all cities except Madinah
Appendix 3. Esoteric dates
Appendix 4. Political dates
Appendix 5. The esoteric jargon
Appendix 6. Glossary of special terms
Appendix 7. Glossary of Islamic terms
Appendix 8. Glossary of Arabic expressions
Bibliography
Notes
Introduction
Part 1: What is esotericism
Part 2: The esoteric phenomenon
Part 3: The religious reforms
Part 4: Freemasonry
Part 5: Islam
Part 6: The Tanzimat — the esoteric preparation
Part 7: Political deviations in Islam
Part 8: The esotericisation of Tasawwuf
Part 9: The esotericisation of the Shari'ah
Part 10: The Humanist Stage
Part 11: The Utilitarian Stage
Part 12: The Assimilation Stage — esoteric nihilism
Part 13: The politics of esoteric deviation
Part 14: The opening of Islam
Part 15: Conclusion
Appendix 1: Ibn Khaldun's "On the Matter of the Mahdi"
Appendix 3: Esoteric dates
Appendix 4: Political dates
Appendix 5: The esoteric jargon
Appendix 6: Glossary of special terms
Appendix 7: Glossary of Islamic terms
Index
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