THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF INDEPENDENCE AND SOCIALISM IN NORTH PARE, TANZANIA, 196188 Ethnographic and archival research for this article was conducted in Usangi Division, Mwanga, Dar es Salaam, Moshi and Arusha in 19978. It was supported by grants from the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research and the Fulbright program. Informants were selected based on their status as the managers and caretakers of common property resources, such as water sources, irrigation systems and sacred forests. Interview transcripts are available upon request from the author, SociologyAnthropology Dept., University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. The author thanks the anonymous reviewers of the JAH for their perceptive comments.