Muscle length influences the contractile properties of muscle in that when muscle is lengthened the relaxation phase of the muscle twitch is prolonged and when muscle is shortened, the relaxation phase is shorter in duration. As a result, the force exerted by active motor units varies with muscle length during voluntary contractions. To determine if motoneuron spike trains were adjusted to accommodate for changes in the contractile properties imposed by shortened and lengthened muscle, motor unit action potentials were recorded from the tibialis anterior muscle at different muscle lengths. Twenty subjects performed isometric ramp contractions at ankle angles of 20 degrees dorsiflexion, neutral between dorsiflexion and plantar flexion, and 30 degrees plantar flexion, which put the tibialis anterior muscle in a shortened, neutral, or lengthened condition, respectively. During isometric contractions where torque increased at 5% MVC/s, motor unit discharge rate at recruitment was greater in shortened muscle than in lengthened muscle (P less than 0.05). Brief initial interspike intervals (less than 40 ms) occurred more frequently in shortened muscle than in either neutral length or lengthened muscle. During steady contractions, motor unit discharge rate was greater per unit torque (N.m) in shortened muscle than in neutral length or lengthened muscle (P less than 0.05). These findings indicate that muscle length does influence the discharge pattern of motor unit spike trains during isometric ramp contractions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)