The design of cyclic fixed-bed ion-exchange operations—III. Softening solutions containing Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+

✍ Scribed by J.A. Dodds; D. Tondeur

• Book ID: 103004025
• Publisher: Elsevier Science
• Year: 1974
• Tongue: English
• Weight: 712 KB
• Volume: 29
• Category: Article
• ISSN: 0009-2509
• DOI: 10.1016/0009-2509(74)80072-2

✦ Synopsis

The method presented in parts 1 and 2 for the design of simple cyclic ion-exchange processes in fixed beds is extended to the case where Na', Mg*' and Ca*' are all present in the saturation solution. Two properties are established: firstly that the breakthrough curves corresponding to Ca" and Na' mixtures in different proportions can be reduced to a single curve by using generalised coordinates, and secondly that Ca" and Mg" can be considered as a single ion of "hardness". This means that the ternary mixture can be treated as a binary possessing the first property. These effects are incorporated into the cyclic material balances allowing the treatment given in parts 1 and 2 to be used.