Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Preface to the second edition
Acknowledgements
List of illustrations
Chronology
Genealogies of the rulers of Jerusalem and Antioch
Rulers of the Principality of Antioch (simplified)
1 INTRODUCTION
Why study the crusades?
The purpose of this book
Historiography and definition
Sources
Context
2 THE FIRST CRUSADE
The appeal of the First Crusade
Preparations for the crusade
The crusade sets out
The Muslim Near East
The crusade in Asia Minor and the siege of Antioch
The siege of Jerusalem
3 THE EARLY DECADES OF THE LATIN EAST, c. 1097–c. 1152: ESTABLISHMENT AND CONSOLIDATION
The 1101 crusade and the early years of conquest
The 1108 crusade – a holy war against Christians
Muslim–Christian relations: warfare and alliances
The kingdom of Jerusalem and the succession of Baldwin I
The Battle of the Field of Blood (1119)
The 1120 Council of Nablus
The 1120–24 crusade and the capture of Tyre
The campaigns of King Baldwin II
The reign of King Fulk (1131–43)
Zengi and the fall of Edessa (1144)
The regency of Melisende and the accession of Baldwin III
Conclusion
4 THE CHALLENGES OF A NEW LAND: FRANKISH RULE AND SETTLEMENT
Relations with indigenous peoples
Frankish rural settlement
The origins of the Frankish settlers and their way of life
The pattern of Frankish settlement in the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem
Urban life
Trade
A Frankish identity?
5 THE MILITARY ORDERS
The origins and development of the Templars
The origins and development of the Hospitallers
The Hospital in Jerusalem and medical care
The Hospitallers and military activity
The military orders in the West
Conclusion
6 THE SECOND CRUSADE
Quantum praedecessores: the crusade appeal of Pope Eugenius III
The preaching of the crusade
The scale and scope of the Second Crusade
The conquest of Lisbon
The crusades against Almeria, Tortosa and Jaén
The Baltic crusade
Preparations for the march to the Holy Land
The journey to the East: the crusade at Constantinople and in Asia Minor
The crusade in the Latin East
The siege of Damascus
7 WARFARE, STRATEGY AND CASTLES IN THE LEVANT
Raids, strategy and battles
Castles
Siege warfare
Naval warfare
Conclusion
8 THE AFTERMATH OF THE SECOND CRUSADE: RECOVERY AND EXPANSION, 1149–74
The start of closer relations with Byzantium and advances for both the Christians and the Muslims
The rise of Nur ad-Din
The struggle for Egypt
Diplomatic contact with the West and Byzantium
The capture of Alexandria
The mission of Archbishop Frederick of Tyre
King Amalric’s embassy to Constantinople (1171)
9 THE FRANKISH RULERS OF THE LEVANT: POWER AND SUCCESSION, c. 1100–74
Succession and civil war: the problem of newcomers
The maintenance of authority over the Frankish nobility
10 RELIGIOUS LIFE AND PILGRIMAGE IN THE LEVANT
The establishment of the Frankish Church in the Levant
Pilgrimage to the Holy Land
The True Cross
The ecclesiastical hierarchy
11 THE REIGN OF BALDWIN IV, THE LEPER-KING, THE RISE OF SALADIN AND THE BATTLE OF HATTIN (1187)
The first regency of Count Raymond III of Tripoli
The rise of Saladin
The invasion of Egypt and the castle at Jacob’s Ford
The marriage of Guy and Sibylla
The 1181 crusade appeal of Pope Alexander III
Prince Reynald’s attack on the Arabian peninsula
The mission of Patriarch Heraclius
The death of King Baldwin IV and the coronation of King Guy
The descent into war
The Battle of Hattin
The fall of Jerusalem
Conclusion
12 THE THIRD CRUSADE AND BEYOND
Audita tremendi: the Crusade appeal of Pope Gregory VIII
Conrad of Montferrat and the defence of Tyre
The crusade of Frederick Barbarossa
The crusade preparations of Richard the Lionheart
The aims of the Third Crusade and the siege of Acre
The conclusion of the siege of Acre
The Battle of Arsuf
The march on Jerusalem
The second march on Jerusalem and the Battle of Jaffa
Truce
Conclusion to the Third Crusade
The German Crusade of 1197
13 THE FOURTH CRUSADE AND THE SACK OF CONSTANTINOPLE, 1202–4
The origins of the Fourth Crusade, 1198–1201
The crusaders gather in Venice, 1202
The siege of Zara and the envoys of Prince Alexios
The first siege of Constantinople, 1203
Tensions grow between the crusaders and the Greeks
The sack of Constantinople, 1204
14 CONCLUSION: THE IMPACT OF THE CRUSADES
The impact of crusading in the West
The development of the scope of crusading
The impact of the crusades in the Eastern Mediterranean
DOCUMENTS
1 Accounts of the Council of Clermont, 1095
2 Letters of Pope Urban II, 1095–99
3 Charters from the First Crusade
4 The Pogroms against the Jews, 1096–97
5 The Muslim Reaction to the First Crusade
6 Frankish Settlement and Identity
7 The Military Orders
8 Trading Privileges of the Venetians, 1123–24
9 The Rebellion of Count Hugh of Jaffa, 1134
10 The Settlers’ Treatment of Muslims in the Frankish East
11 The Call to the Second Crusade, 1146
12 Recruitment for the Second Crusade – Trouvère Song, 1146–47
13 The Regulations Imposed on the Crusaders Sailing to Lisbon, 1147
14 The Greeks and the Second Crusade, 1147–48
15 The Jihad Gathers Momentum under Nur ad-Din and Saladin
16 Amalric’s Decision to Travel to Constantinople, 1171
17 Muslim and Frankish Military Tactics
18 Knight Service Owed in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, c. 1185–86
19 The Construction of Fortresses around Ascalon
20 The Call for the Third Crusade, 1187
21 Saladin’s Generosity, c. 1189–90
22 The Third Crusade Turns Back from Jerusalem, 1192
23 The Fourth Crusade and the Sack of Constantinople, 1204
WHO’S WHO
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX