The vertebral formula of the last common
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Melanie A. McCollum; Burt A. Rosenman; Gen Suwa; Richard S. Meindl; C. Owen Love
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Article
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2009
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John Wiley and Sons
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English
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## Abstract The modal number of lumbar vertebrae in modern humans is five. It varies between three and four in extant African apes (mean=3.5). Because both chimpanzees (__Pan troglodytes__) and gorillas (__Gorilla gorilla__) possess the same distributions of thoracic, lumbar, and sacral vertebrae,