The Cognitive Psychology of Knowledge

✍ Scribed by Gerhard Strube and Karl F. Wender (Eds.)

• Publisher: Elsevier, Academic Press
• Year: 1993
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 471
• Series: Advances in Psychology 101
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This text is the result of a seven-year (1986-1992) national research programme in cognitive science in Germany. Anchored in psychology and therefore christened Wissenpsychologie (psychology of knowledge), it has found interdisciplinary resonance, especially in artificial intelligence and education. The research programme brought together cognitive scientists from over 20 German universities, and more than 30 single projects were funded. The programme was initiated by Heinz Mandl and Hans Spada. Its main goals were to investigate the acquisition of knowledge, the access to knowledge and the modification and application of knowledge from a psychological perspective. Emphasis was placed on formalisms of knowledge representation and on the process involved. In many of the projects this was combined with computer simulations. A final but equally important goal was the development of experimental paradigms and methods for data analysis that are especially suited to investigate knowledge based processes. The research programme has had a major impact on cognitive psychology in Germany. Research groups were established at many universities and research equipment was provided. It also inspired a considerable number of young scientists to carry out cognitive research, employ modelling techniques from artificial intelligence for psychological theorizing and construct intelligent tutoring systems for education. Close contacts with cognitive scientists in the US have helped to firmly integrate the programme with international research endeavours. Each year, one or two workshops were held. The present volume is the result of the final workshop which was held in September 1992. Selected results from 17 projects are presented in this book. The volume is enriched by three guest scholars who agreed to participate in the final workshop and to comment on the chapters of the book.

✦ Table of Contents

Content:
Edited by
Page iii

Copyright page
Page iv

Preface
Pages v-xi
Gerhard Strube, Karl Wender

Chapter 1 Colors as Properties: Stroop-Like Effects between Objects and their Colors Original Research Article
Pages 1-32
Wilhelm R. Glaser, MargritO. Glaser

Chapter 2 The Eyewitness-Misinformation Effect: Distorted Recollections Based on Contradictory Information Original Research Article
Pages 33-52
Rüdiger F. Pohl, Sabine Schumacher, Martin Friedrich

Chapter 3 Causal Knowledge and the Expression of Uncertainty Original Research Article
Pages 53-73
Helmut Jungermann, Manfred Thüring

Chapter 4 Access to Analog Representations in Memory for Visually Perceived Forms: The Facilitating Effect of Declarative Knowledge Original Research Article
Pages 75-96
Uta Lass, Gerd Lüer, Michael Ulrich, Steffen Werner

Chapter 5 Interference in Complex Knowledge Structures Original Research Article
Pages 97-112
Ulrich Glowalla, Mike Rinck

Chapter 6 Events-II Modeling Event Recognition Original Research Article
Pages 113-138
Robin Hoernig, Reinhold Rauh, Gerhard Strube

Chapter 7 Knowledge Assessment Based on Skill Assignment and Psychological Task Analysis Original Research Article
Pages 139-159
Josef Lukas, Dietrich Albert

Chapter 8 Misconceptions and Knowledge Compartmentalization Original Research Article
Pages 161-176
Heinz Mandl, Hans Gruber, Alexander Renkl

Chapter 9 Understanding and Using Worked-Out Examples: A Computational Model Original Research Article
Pages 177-201
Peter Reimann, ThomasJ. Schult, Stefan Wichmann

Chapter 10 Learning Program Abstractions: Model and Empirical Validation Original Research Article
Pages 203-231
Franz Schmalhofer, Ralph Bergmann, Stefan Boschert, Jörg Thoben

Chapter 11 The Acquisition of Functional Planning and Programming Knowledge: Diagnosis, Modeling, and User-Adapted Help Original Research Article
Pages 233-261
Claus Möbus, Olaf Schroder

Chapter 12 When Can Individual Student Models Be Useful? Original Research Article
Pages 263-284
Gerhard Weber, Alexander Bögelsack, KarlF. Wender

Chapter 13 Multiple Mental Representations of Information in Physics Problem Solving Original Research Article
Pages 285-312
Rolf Ploetzner, Hans Spada

Chapter 14 Microworlds Based on Linear Equation Systems: A New Approach to Complex Problem Solving and Experimental Results Original Research Article
Pages 313-330
Joachim Funke

Chapter 15 Strategies for Knowledge Acquisition and Transfer of Knowledge in Dynamic Tasks Original Research Article
Pages 331-350
Wiebke Putz-Osterloh

Chapter 16 Design and Implementation of a Representation System for Human Knowledge Original Research Article
Pages 351-366
WernerH. Tack, Dieter Wallach, Dagmar Unz, Ronald Henss, Rainer Egler

Chapter 17 The Hypermedia System Mem and its Application in Evaluating Learning and Relearning in Higher Education Original Research Article
Pages 367-385
Ulrich Glowalla, Joachim Hasebrook, Gilbert Fezzardi, Gudrun Häfele

Chapter 18 Knowledge Representations and Cognitive Procedures Original Research Article
Pages 387-400
ArthurC. Graesser

Chapter 19 Knowledge and Performance in Complex Problem Solving Original Research Article
Pages 401-423
RainerH. Kluwe

Chapter 20 Beyond A Commodity View of Knowledge in Instruction Original Research Article
Pages 425-433
Alan Lesgold

Author Index
Pages 435-444

Subject Index
Pages 445-453