Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction
1 Basics of Cinematography
Film Formats
16 mm Film β Single Perf or Double Perf
35 mm Film
Videotape and Digital Filmmaking
Aspect Ratios
Shots and Composition
Film Stock
Emulsion
Base
Anti-halation Backing
Types of Film
Negative Film
Reversal Film
Film Speed
Sync Speed
Exposure Time
Exposure Meters
Color Temperature and Color Balance
The Camera
Gate
Intermittent Movement
Pull-down Claw
Registration Pin
Aperture Plate
Pressure Plate
Shutter
Shutter Angle
Inching Knob
Viewing System
Diopter Adjustment
The Lens
Primes and Zooms
F-stops and T-stops
Magazines
Motors
Batteries
Additional Camera Components
Sync and MOS
Filters
Behind-the- lens Filters
Camera Lens Filters
Optical Flat
Conversion Filters
85 Filter
80A Filter
Neutral Density Filters
Polarizing Filter
Combination Filters
Diffusion Filters
Enhancing Filters
Fog and Double Fog Filters
Low-
Soft-
Ultra-
Coral Filters
Graduated Filters
Diopters
Color Filters
Filter Manufacturers
Camera Mounts
Tripods and Spreader
High Hat/Low Hat
Tripod Heads
Fluid Head
Gear Head
Steadicam
Dolly
2 The Camera Department
Film Productions
Director of Photography
Preproduction
Production
Postproduction
Camera Operator
Preproduction
Production
Steadicam Operator
First and Second Assistant Cameraman
First Assistant Cameraman
Preproduction
Production
Postproduction
Second Assistant Cameraman
Preproduction
Production
Postproduction
Film Loader
Preproduction
Production
Digital Productions
Digital Imaging Technician
Digital Loader/Data Manager/Data Wrangler
Video Controller
Camera Utility
Digital Utility
3 Camera Trainee and Camera Production Assistant (PA)
Preproduction
Working with the Film Laboratory
Obtaining Laboratory Supplies
Choosing and Ordering Expendables
Preparation of Camera Equipment
Preparation of Camera Truck
Production
Start-of- the-Day Procedures
Camera Reports
Recording Shot Information
Marking Actors
Slates and Slating
Changing Lenses, Filters, Magazines, and Accessories
Using a Video Tap and Monitor
Record Keeping and Filing of Paperwork
Packing Equipment
Tools and Accessories
Camera Trainee and PA Tips
4 Second Assistant Cameraman (Second AC) and Film Loader
Preproduction
Working with the Film Laboratory
Obtaining Laboratory Supplies
Choosing and Ordering Expendables
Preparation of Camera Equipment
Preparation of Camera Truck
Preparation of Darkroom
Production
Start of Day Procedures
Setting Up the Camera
Organizing Equipment
Film Stocks
Film Stock Packaging Sizes
Camera Reports
Recording Shot Information
Film Magazines
Loading Film Magazines
Unloading Film Magazines
Using a Changing Bag or Changing Tent
Marking Actors and Camera Positions
Slates
Slating Procedures
Changing Lenses, Filters and Magazines
Using a Video Tap and Monitor
Preparing Exposed Film for Delivery to the Lab
Shipping Film (Exposed and Unexposed)
Film, X-Rays and Carrying Film on Planes
Ordering Additional Film Stock
Using Short End and Recans
Storage and Care of Motion Picture Film
Unexposed Film
Exposed Film
Film Inventory and Record of Film Shot
Completing Film Inventory Forms
Distribution of Reports
Record Keeping and Filing of Paperwork
Performing the Duties of First Assistant Cameraman
Packing Equipment
Tools and Accessories
Second AC/Loader Tips
Resources
Postproduction
Wrapping Equipment
Working in Digital Video
Preproduction
Production
Setting up the Camera
Camera Reports
Digital Magazines
Marking Actors
Slates and Slating Procedures
Moving Camera and Setting up the Video Monitor
Preparing Media Cards and Hard Drives
Ordering Additional Media Cards
Storage and Care of Media Cards
Videotape, X-Rays, and Magnetic Fields
Tools and Accessories
Postproduction
Wrapping Equipment
Review Checklist for Second Assistant Cameraman (Second AC or Clapper/Loader)
Preproduction
Production
Postproduction
Review Checklist for Film Loader (Loader)
Preproduction
Production
5 First Assistant Cameraman (First AC)
Preproduction
Choosing Camera Equipment
Choosing and Ordering Expendables
Preparation of Camera Equipment
The Rental House
Camera Prep Check List
Production
Start-of- the-Day Procedures
Loading and Unloading Film in the Film Camera
Inserting Media or Attaching Hard Drives to the Digital Camera
Keeping the Camera Clean
Oiling and Lubricating the Camera
Setting the Viewfinder Eyepiece
Lenses
Prime Lenses and Zoom Lenses
Checking for Lens Flares
Depth of Field
F-stops and T-stops
Changing Lenses, Filters and Accessories
Focus Measurements and Following Focus
Getting Your Marks
Focusing Tips
Zoom Lens Moves
Shooting the Shot
Footage Readings
Checking the Gate
Moving the Camera
Performing the Duties of Second Assistant Cameraman
End-of- the-Day Procedures
Packing Equipment
The Walkaway
Tools and Accessories
Using Computers and Technology
First AC/Focus Puller Tips
Resources
Postproduction
Wrapping Equipment
Working in Digital Video
Preproduction
Choosing and Ordering Expendables
The Rental House and Preparation of Camera Equipment
Production
Setting Up the Camera
Loading and Unloading Media Cards into the Digital Camera
Swapping Hard Drives
Lenses (Primes and Zooms)
Focusing and Depth of Field
Moving the Camera
White Balancing
Tools and Accessories
Postproduction
Wrapping Equipment
Review Checklist for First Assistant Cameraman (First AC or Focus Puller)
Preproduction
Production
Postproduction
6 Film Productions β Problems and Troubleshooting
Camera Problems
Camera Will Not Run
Camera Does Not Stop When Switched To "OFF "
Camera Starts and Stops Intermittently
Camera Stops While Filming
Camera is Noisy
Shutter Does Not Spin (No Flicker Seen Through the Viewfinder)
Unable to Thread Film into the Gate Area
Camera Door Does Not Close
Film Jams in Camera
Film Rips or Has Torn Perforations
Film Loses Loop
Camera Does Not Run at Sync Speed
Viewing System is Blacked Out
A Fuse Blows When Connecting Electrical Accessories
When Shooting a Television Monitor or Computer Screen, A Roll Bar Moves Through the Screen
Film Magazine Problems
Film Cones When Removing from Magazine
Film Does Not Take Up
Magazine is Noisy
There are Scratches on the Film
Lens-Related Problems
Lens Will Not Focus
Image is Fogged When Looking through Viewfinder
Zoom Lens Motor Runs Erratically
Zoom Lens Does Not Zoom Throughout Its Entire Range of Focal Lengths
Lens Flares are Seen When Looking Through the Viewfinder
Unable to Adjust F-Stop/ T-Stop
Battery Problems
Battery Loses Power
Battery Will Not Hold Charge
Video Assist Problems
Image on Video Monitor is Out of Focus or Tilted to the Side
There is No Image on Video Monitor
Tripod And Head Problems
Tripod Head Does Not Pan or Tilt
Tripod Legs Do Not Slide Up or Down
Weather and Environmental-Related Problems
Shooting in Extreme Cold Weather
Shooting in Extreme Heat
Filming in or Around Salt Water and Camera And Magazine Fall into the Water
Color Balance/Filter Problems
Filters Don't Fit in Matte Box
Shooting Outside Using Tungsten-Balanced Film without an 85 Filter
Shooting Inside with Tungsten Light Using Daylight-Balanced Film without an 80A Filter
Developed Image Problems
Projected Image is Shaky or Unsteady
Projected Image is Out of Focus
Projected Image Contains Spots or Lines
Image is Not Aligned During the Video Transfer
Shooting in Foreign Countries
Shooting in Countries Using a Different Electrical System
Troubleshooting Tips
7 Film Cameras
Arriflex 416
Arriflex Arricam Lite (LT)
Arriflex Arricam Studio (ST)
Arriflex 235
Arriflex 435
Moviecam Compact and Moviecam Super America
Panavision Panaflex Gold and GII
Panavision Panaflex Millenium and Millenium XL
Panavision Panaflex Platinum
8 Before, During, and After the Job
Union or Non-Union
IATSE and Local 600
Joining the Union
Before the Job
The RΓ©sumΓ© and Business Cards
Email and Web Sites
The Job Interview
The Deal Memo
During the Job
How to Fill Out the Film Industry Time Card
Submitting an Invoice
On Set Etiquette
After the Job
The Next Job
Networking
The Freelance Filmmaker and Taxes
Appendix A: Digital Cameras
Appendix B: Equipment and Apps
Cameras
Film Cameras
16 mm Cameras
35 mm Cameras
65 mm Cameras
Digital Cameras
Camera Lenses, Camera Accessories, and Lens Accessories
Lens and Lens Accessories
Camera Accessories
On-Board Video Monitors
Monitors
Camera Filters
Filter Sizes
Filters
Heads and Tripods
Gear Head
Fluid Head
Tripods
Miscellaneous Heads, Camera Mounts, or Mounting Platforms
Apps
AJA DataCalc
Crew Time Card
ICG Safety App
Kodak Cinema Tools
pCAM Pro Film+Digital Calculator
Appendix C: Camera Department Checklists, Production Forms, and Labels
Forms and Checklists
Labels
Appendix D: Tools, Accessories, and Expendables
AC Tools and Accessories
Specialized Film Industry Tools
Arriflex Special Tools
Digital Supplies
Expendables
Miscellaneous Items
Personal Bag
Appendix E: Tables and Formulas
Tables
Film Speed (Exposure Index-DIN) Comparisons
Standard Feet per Minute and Frames per Foot at 24, 25, and 30 Frames per Second
Intermediate F-Stop/ T-Stop Values
F-Stop/ T-Stop Compensation When Using Filters
F-Stop/ T-Stop Compensation When Using Filters for Black-and- White Film
F-Stop/ T-Stop Compensation for Changes in Frames per Second
F-Stop/ T-Stop Compensation for Changes in Shutter Angle
Hyperfocal Distances
Feet per Second, Feet per Minute, Meters per Second, and Meters per Minute
Running Time to Film Length and Film Length to Running Time
Feet to Meters and Meters to Feet
Formulas
Depth of Field β Near
Depth of Field β Far
Hyperfocal Distance
Electrical
Exposure Time/Shutter Speed
F-Stop
Feet per Minute for 16 mm
Feet per Minute for 35 mm 2-Perf Format
Feet per Minute for 35 mm 3-Perf Format
Feet per Minute for 35 mm 4-Perf Format
Meters per Minute for 16 mm
Meters per Minute for 35 mm 2-Perf Format
Meters per Minute for 35 mm 3-Perf Format
Meters per Minute for 35 mm 4-Perf Format
Screen Time
Feet and Inches to Meters
Meters to Feet and Inches
MM to Inches
Recommended Reading
Glossary
Index