Prefaces
A Grateful Appreciation of Joan Martinez-Alier
Memories Concerning the Career of Joan Martinez-Alier
Conversations with a Catalan Polymath
Joan Martinez-Alier and the Crisis of Civilization, Knowledge, and the Human Species
References
Contents
Part I: Introduction
Chapter 1: Justification and Scope of the Book
Chapter 2: A Barcelona School of Ecological Economics and Political Ecology
2.1 From Ecological Economics to Political Ecology
References
Chapter 3: The Barcelona School of Ecological Economics and Political Ecology: Building Bridges Between Moving Shores
3.1 Introduction: The Bonding Elements of the Barcelona School
3.2 Epistemological Foundations Inspiring Cross-Fertilization
3.2.1 Ecological Economics as a Place of Convergence and Host of Diversity
3.2.2 Post-normal Science and the Search for Other Ways of Knowing
3.2.3 The Diversity of Languages of Valuation
3.2.4 Activism Mobilizing Science
3.3 Building Bridges: Cross-Fertilization Between Ecological Economics and Political Economy
3.3.1 Ecological Asymmetries, Distributional Conflicts and the Environmental Justice Atlas
3.3.2 The Transformative Power of Environmental Justice Movements
3.3.3 The Challenge of Degrowth
3.4 Final Remarks
References
Part II: Epistemological Foundations
Chapter 4: Metaphysical Midwifery and the Living Legacy of Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Context
4.3 Courage
4.4 Historicity
4.5 Ontology
4.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 5: Languages of Valuation
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Languages of Valuation
5.3 Languages of Valuation and the Barcelona School
5.3.1 The Clash
5.3.2 Resolving the Clash
5.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 6: Post-development: From the Critique of Development to a Pluriverse of Alternatives
6.1 The Conceptualization of (Post-)Development in the Social Sciences, and the Contribution by Joan Martinez Alier
6.2 A Critique of Sustainable Development and Its False Solutions
6.3 From the Critique of Development to Transformative Alternatives
6.4 The Post-development Action-Research Agenda: Towards the Pluriverse
References
Chapter 7: Indigenous and Local Knowledge Contributions to Social-Ecological Systems’ Management
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Conceptualizations of Nature Embedded in ILK Systems Contribute to Long-Term Maintenance of Complex SES
7.3 ILK Enhances Our Understanding of Complex SES
7.4 ILK Articulates Resistance to SES Degradation and SES Restoration
7.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: Degrowth and the Barcelona School
8.1 Introduction
8.2 History of Degrowth and the Barcelona School
8.3 Core Concepts of the Barcelona School Informing Degrowth
8.4 Shaping Ecological Economics
References
Part III: Social Metabolism
Chapter 9: Agrarian Metabolism and Socio-ecological Transitions to Agroecology Landscapes
9.1 From Land Reform and Agrarian Capitalism to Energy Accounting of Agriculture
9.2 Growing Up as Historians in the Debates over the Agrarian Question in the 1970s
9.3 From Agrarian History to the Environmental History of Agroecosystems
9.4 Advances in the Study of Agrarian Metabolism as a Tool for the New Agroecological Transition
References
Chapter 10: Multi-scale Integrated Analysis of Societal and Ecosystem Metabolism
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Brief History of MuSIASEM
10.3 Theoretical Foundation
10.4 How Does MuSIASEM Work in Practice?
10.5 Selected Applications of MuSIASEM
10.6 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 11: Materials Flow Analysis in Latin America
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Social Metabolism: A Short History
11.3 Characterization of the Literature Analyzed
11.3.1 Role of the “Barcelona School” in the Dynamics of MFA-LAC Publications
11.3.2 Countries and Sub-regions Most Studied in the Studies Reviewed
11.3.3 Periodization and Analytical Implications for Social Metabolism Studies
11.4 Main Findings on Material Flow Dynamics in Latin American Economies
11.4.1 On the Aggregate Dynamics of Material Resource Consumption
11.4.2 On International Trade and Unequal Ecological Exchange
11.4.3 On Distributive Ecological Conflicts
11.5 Final Reflections
Annexures
Annex (part 1): Triannual Synthesis of the Main Characteristics Found in the 47 Inventoried Articles on MFA-LAC
Annex (part 2): Triannual Synthesis of the Main Characteristics Found in the 47 Inventoried Articles on MFA-LAC
References
Chapter 12: Biophysical Approaches to Food System Analysis in Latin America
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Food Sovereignty and Complementarity in Latin America
12.3 Caloric Unequal Exchange in Latin America
12.4 Bottom-Up Approaches: Using Household Types to Assess Sustainable Livelihoods
12.5 Conclusion: The Contribution of the Barcelona School
References
Chapter 13: Ecologically Unequal Exchange: The Renewed Interpretation of Latin American Debates by the Barcelona School
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Unequal Exchange in Latin American Perspectives
13.3 The Ecologically Unequal Exchange by the Barcelona School
13.3.1 Ecological Debt
13.3.2 Biophysical Studies
13.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: Flow/Fund Theory and Rural Livelihoods
14.1 Introduction
14.2 The Flow/Fund Theory and the Tree Metaphor
14.3 A Dispute over the Identity of the Mountain
14.4 Final Reflections
References
Chapter 15: Deceitful Decoupling: Misconceptions of a Persistent Myth
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Different Decoupling Concepts and Accounting Mechanisms
15.3 Results from Empirical Evidence and Reviews
15.4 The “Not-So-Circular” Economy and Rebound Effects
15.5 Discussion and Conclusions
References
Part IV: Environmental Justice Conflicts and Alternatives
Chapter 16: Does the Social Metabolism Drive Environmental Conflicts?
16.1 Introduction
16.2 More Metabolism, More Conflicts? Theoretical Foundations
16.3 Further Propositions on the Links Between Social Metabolism and Environmental Conflicts
16.4 Other ‘Grand Explanations’: Social Metabolism and Neo-Marxist Perspectives
16.5 Towards a Balanced View in Environmental Conflict Research
References
Chapter 17: Critical Mapping for Researching and Acting Upon Environmental Conflicts – The Case of the EJAtlas
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Critical Cartography and Environmental Justice
17.3 The EJAtlas. Origins, Goals, and Methods
17.3.1 Origins, Motivations, and Scope
17.3.2 Methodology and Co-production of Knowledge
17.4 Towards Statistical and Spatial Political Ecologies: Political and Methodological Challenges
17.4.1 Digging into the Dots: Featured Maps and Multi-layered Analysis
17.4.2 Dealing with Spatial Reductionism: Combining Conflict Mapping and GIS Data
17.4.3 Are there Acceptable Limits in Representation and Coverage?
17.4.4 Conflicts as Complex Processes and Their Temporal Dimension
17.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 18: The EJAtlas: An Unexpected Pedagogical Tool to Teach and Learn About Environmental Social Sciences
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Methods: Exploring Contexts, Experiences, and Users
18.3 Results
18.4 Discussion
18.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 19: Commons Regimes at the Crossroads: Environmental Justice Movements and Commoning
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Communalism and Commons: Tangential Parkours
19.3 The Barcelona School: An Agenda Around the Commons
19.3.1 Commons Movements
19.3.2 Crisis, Urban Prosumer Groups, and Local Governments
19.3.3 Performative Commons, Commoning and Becoming a Commoner
19.3.4 Commons and Degrowth
19.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 20: (In)Justice in Urban Greening and Green Gentrification
20.1 Introduction
20.2 A Historic Lack of Equitable “Access” to Green Space and Amenities
20.3 Emerging Concerns Over Green Gentrification
20.4 Activists vs Green Gentrification
20.5 Conclusion: Reinserting the Political in Planning for Greener Cities
References
Chapter 21: From the Soil to the Soul: Fragments of a Theory of Economic Conflicts
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Points of Conflicts Over the Economy: A Longue Durée Perspective
21.3 Neoliberal Growthism: New Conflicts and New Radical Ideas
21.4 Triggers and Targets: Outline of a Theory
21.5 Expanding Consciousness for Radical Change: The Examples of Debt and Degrowth
21.6 Concluding Remarks
References
Part V: Science and Self-Reflected Activism
Chapter 22: Activism Mobilizing Science Revisited
22.1 What Is Activism Mobilizing Science?
22.2 Goals of Activism Mobilizing Science
22.3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 23: Iberian Anarchism in Environmental History
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Environmental Perspectives from Iberian Anarchism
23.3 Iberian Anarchism at the Crossroads of Environmental History and Political Ecology
23.4 Anarchism in the City: Barcelona and the 1936 Revolution
23.5 Conclusions: Radical Imaginaries from the Past
References
Chapter 24: The Barcelona School of Ecological Economics and Social Movements for Alternative Livelihoods
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Case Studies
24.2.1 E.L.
24.2.2 Kan Pasqual
24.2.3 Ateneu Popular de Nou Barris
24.3 Discussion and Conclusions
References
Chapter 25: The Ups and Downs of Feminist Activist Research: Positional Reflections
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Activist and Feminist Research: Individual Trajectories
25.2.1 Activist-Research from and in the South
25.2.2 Activist-Feminist Research on Climate Change: An Epistemological Revolution
25.2.3 Activist in Academia
25.2.4 Activist-Researcher from the Global North in the Global South
25.3 Ups and Downs in the PAR Processes
25.3.1 The Demands of Neoliberal Positivist Research Versus Activist-Research
25.3.2 Intersections as Activist-Researchers
25.4 Final Thoughts
References
Chapter 26: From the Environmentalism of the Poor and the Indigenous Toward Decolonial Environmental Justice
26.1 Our Positionalities
26.2 New Directions in Environmental Justice Scholarship: Engagement with Decoloniality
26.3 Indian Adivasi Thinking
26.4 Resistance to Coloniality In and Around the Arctic
26.5 Conclusion and Prospects for Further Research
References
Part VI: Public Policy Applications
Chapter 27: Agrobiodiversity in Mexican Environmental Policy
27.1 The Role of Agrobiodiversity in Rural Systems
27.2 Maize, an Emblematic Case of Agrobiodiversity in Mexico
27.3 Multi-scalar Policies on Agrobiodiversity Issues
27.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 28: Conventional Climate Change Economics: A Way to Define the Optimal Policy?
28.1 Introduction
28.2 The DICE Model and Its Results
28.3 Discounting the Future
28.4 Uncertainty
28.5 Cost–Benefit Analysis and Commensurability
28.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 29: Contribution of Global Cities to Climate Change Mitigation Overrated
29.1 Limited Reach of Urban Policies
29.2 Lack of Effective Urban Instruments
29.3 Free Riding and Systemic Effects
29.4 A Tentative Quantification of Global Emissions Reduction by Urban Policies
29.5 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 30: Reconciling Waste Management and Ecological Economics
30.1 Introduction
30.2 A Circular Economy: Not Now, and Not Anywhere Soon
30.3 Sensible Waste Management Strategies
30.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 31: Work and Needs in a Finite Planet: Reflections from Ecological Economics
31.1 Ecological Economics and Concrete Utopias
31.2 The End of Work as We Know It?
31.3 Reducing Work in the Name of Freedom
31.4 Work Utopias and Their Limits
31.5 The Case for Sharing Minimal Necessary Work
References
Chapter 32: The Environmentalism of the Paid
32.1 Introduction
32.2 The Environmentalism of the Poor
32.3 Payments for Ecosystem Services: Definition and Scope
32.4 Payments for Ecosystem Services: Competing Perspectives
32.5 The Environmentalism of the Paid
32.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 33: Collective Action in Ecuadorian Amazonia
33.1 From Ecological Economics to Political Ecology
33.2 Ecological Economics, Sustainability, and Extractivism
33.3 Amazonia and the Contributions of the Barcelona School
33.4 The Yasuní-ITT Initiative
33.5 Conclusions
References
Index