Geometrical parameters for pyridine have been calculated using the 6-31G, 6-31G\*(5D), 6-31G\*\*(6D), and 6-31G(2 x 6D) basis sets. Comparisons are made with a microwave substitution structure and with results of other ab initio calculations reported in the literature. Particular attention is paid t
The Avian Egg: Geometrical Description and Calculation of Parameters
β Scribed by V.G. Narushin
- Publisher
- Elsevier Science
- Year
- 1997
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 216 KB
- Volume
- 68
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0021-8634
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β¦ Synopsis
It is shown that an egg profile can be represented mathematically in terms of its length ΒΈand maximum breadth B by the equation
here x is the coordinate along the longitudinal axis and y the transverse distance to the profile. Calculation using the equation for the solid of revolution allows estimation of the egg volume, surface area, long circumference length, normal projected area of the egg, radius of curvature and angle between the long axis and the tangent to the shell at any point. To minimize calculation errors, a method is proposed where by the egg profile is transformed into a mathematical expression using a modified value for the maximum breadth B. This is done by requiring equality of length of the longitudinal axis and either the long circumference length, the volume, or the normal projected area. In the modified form, calculation errors for surface area and volume did not exceed 5% for the ''average egg''.
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The geometrical parameters for benzene, fluorobenzene, and cyanobenzene have been calculated using the 6-31G\*(5D) and 6-31G\*\* basis sets, and, in addition, the 6-31 + G\*(5D) basis set in the case of fluorobenzene. Compared to previous results obtained using the 6-31G basis set there are minor ch
The 02-permeability of the avian egg shell and shell membranes is initially low (approximately equal to 0.1-10(-6) ml O2 STP-sec-1cm-2-mmHg-1) during incubation but increases about 10-fold after the first week. This increase correlates with a decline in water content of the membranes. A major increa