The Ancient near East c. 3000-330 BC: Volume II

✍ Scribed by Amélie Kuhrt, Fergus Millar (editor)

• Publisher: Routledge
• Year: 2004
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 421
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

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✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Volume 1
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Maps
List of Tables
Abbreviations
Preface
Introduction
The region
Languages and writing
The environment
Understanding Near Eastern History
Problems of evidence
The chronological framework
The Neolithic background
Notes
Part I: The development of states and cities (c. 3000–c. 1600)
Chapter 1: Mesopotamia in the Third Millennium BC
1a: The Background (c. 6000– c. 2900)
Environment
The development of settled life
The Late Uruk Period
1b: The cities (c. 2900–2340)
Sources and the problems of using them
Political and social organisation
Kings and cities
Royal courts
War
Society
Inter-state relations
1c: The Empire of Agade
Introduction to sources and chronology
The rise and fall of Agade
King and country
1d: The Third Dynasty of Ur (2112–2004)
From the end of Agade to the rise of Ur
The development of the state of Ur III
Reconstructing the state of Ur III
Royal rule and royal ideology
The end of Ur III
Notes
Chapter 2: Mesopotamia c. 2000–c. 1600: The Old Babylonian and Old Assyrian Periods
Introduction
2a: South Mesopotamia c. 2000–c. 1800
2b: Ashur in the Old Assyrian period (c. 2000–c. 1800)
Location and name
Sources for Ashur's history
Ashur’s emergence on the international stage
The city-state of Ashur
2c: The Old Assyrian merchants in Anatolia (c. 1900–c. 1830)
Introduction
The organisation of the Assyrian trade
2d: Mari and its World (c. 1810–c. 1760)
Introduction
The political scene
The kingdom of Mari
2e: Hammurabi and the First Dynasty of Babylon (1894–1595)
The rise of Babylon
King, country and subjects
The decline of Babylon
Notes
Chapter 3: Egypt from Dynasty I to Dynasty XVII (c. 3100/3000–1552)
Country and environment
Dynastic history: sources and problems
3a: The formation of the Egyptian state
The tradition of unification
The evidence
Predynastic cultures
Reconsidering Egypt's unification
Early Dynastic Egypt
3b: Egypt in the Old Kingdom (dynasties III–VI: c. 2686–2181)
Contemporary evidence
Beyond the Nile valley
Literature and literary sources
State and society
3c: Herakleopolis and the rise of Thebes (c. 2180–1991)
Chronology and sources
The struggle between Herakleopolis and Thebes
Egypt in turmoil and the nomarchs
The end of the Old Kingdom
Egypt reunited
3d: Egypt in the Middle Kingdom (c. 2040–c. 1720 (2023–1720))
Chronology and sources
The founding of dynasty XII
The royal image
The government of Egypt
Egypt abroad
Middle Kingdom literature
3e: The Second Intermediate Period and Hyksos rule in Egypt (c. 1720–c. 1550)
Chronology
General points and dynasty XV
Dynasties XIII and XVII
Dynasties XIV and XVI
The Hyksos and Egypt
Notes
Part II: The Great Powers (c. 1600–c. 1050)
Chapter 4: Imperial Egypt: The New Kingdom (1552/1550–1069)
4a: Chronology and sources
4b: The foundation of imperial Egypt: from Amose to Tuthmosis IV (dynasty XVIII: 1550–1403 (1390))
4c: The Amarna period: Late dynasty XVIII (1403–1306 (1390–1295))
4d: The Late New Kingdom: dynasties XIX and XX (1306 (1295)–1069)
War and peace
The decline of the New Kingdom
4e: The New Kingdom state
King and kingship
Royal wives
The army
Central administration and economy
State temples and popular piety
The collapse of the New Kingdom: problems of evidence
Notes
Chapter 5: The Hittites
5a: Anatolia from the Old Assyrian period to the emergence of the Hittite kingdom (c. 1800–c. 1650)
5b: Problems of chronology, sources and geography
Historical phases and chronology of rulers
The sources
Historical geography
5c: The Hittite Old Kingdom (c. 1650–c. 1500)
Hattusili I's political testament
The wars of Hattusili I and Mursili I
The Edict of Telepinu
5d: The Hittite Empire (c. 1430 (1420)–c. 1200)
The early Empire
The conquests of Suppiluliuma I
The reign of Mursili II
Muwatalli, Urhi-Teshub and Hattusili III
The last Hittite kings
5e: The Hittite state
The Great King and subject rulers
The Great King and his officials
The land of Hatti
Pollution and purification, guilt and penitence
King, court and ceremonial
Notes
Chapter 6: Syria and the Levant
6a: Mitanni and the Hurrians
Who were the Hurrians?
The kingdom of Mitanni
Historical outline
The nature of the Mitannian state
Society
6b: Ugarit
The realm of Ugarit
Ugarit’s political history
6c: Emar
6d: The Egyptian empire in Syria–Palestine
Sources and terminology
The Egyptian conquest
Canaan under Egypt's power
A note on Egypt's empire in Nubia
Notes
Chapter 7: Mesopotamia c. 1600–c. 900
7a: Kassite Babylonia (1595–1155)
The arrival of the Kassites
The Kassite impact on Babylonia
Babylonia among the great powers
7b: Assyria in the Middle Assyrian period (c. 1400–c. 1050)
Ashur-uballit and his successors (1365–1245 (1353–1234))
The reign of Tukulti-Ninurta I (1244–1208 (1233–1197))
Tiglath-pileser I (1114–1076)
Middle Assyrian society
7c: Elam: the classical period (c. 1450–c. 1100)
Definition and sources
Historical outline to c. 1100
Political structure and society
7d: Babylonia: the end of the Kassites and succeeding dynasties (1158–c. 905)
Notes
Volume 2
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
List of figures
List of maps
List of tables
Abbreviations
Part III Political transformation and the great empires (c. 1200ꟷ330)
Chapter 8: The Levant c. 1200ꟷc. 720
Crisis and political change between c. 1200 and 900
8a: The 'sea-peoples'
8b: The Aramaeans
The Assyrian evidence
The Babylonian evidence
Evidence from the Levant
Conclusions
8c: The survival of Late Bronze Age centres
8c(i): The Phoenicians
Sources and problems
The development of the Phoenician cities
8c(ii): The Neo-Hittite states
Definition and location
Sources for political and social conditions
Conclusion
8d: Israel: the formation of a small Levantine state c. 1200ꟷ900
8d(i): Introduction
The Old Testament
The implications of biblical criticism for Israel's early history
8d(ii): The problem of the Israelite settlement
Defining the problem
Approaches to the problem
Conclusion
8d(iii): The emergence of the Israelite state
General overview
Chronology and sources
Israel and the judges
Saul, the first king of Israel
8d(iv): The triumph of Judah
Introduction and sources
David
Solomon
8d(v): The separate states of Israel and Judah
8e: The states of the Levant and the Assyrian empire in the ninth and eighth centuries
The broad picture
The case of Israel and Judah
Sources
Historical outline
Conclusion
Notes
Chapter 9: The Neo-Assyrian Empire (934ꟷ610)
9a: The Assyrian annals and other historiographical sources
9b: From territorial state to imperial power (934ꟷ745)
The development of Assyrian strategy (934ꟷ884)
Ashurnasirpal II and Shalmaneser III (883ꟷ824)
Problems in Assyria: 823ꟷ745
9c: Imperial expansion and consolidation (744ꟷc. 630)
Tiglath-pileser III and Shalmaneser V
Sargon II
Sennacherib, Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal
9d: The structure of the Assyrian empire
The sources
Kingship, war and imperial ideology
The lord of life and death
The defender of the Assyrian order
The Assyrian king and the divinities of subject peoples
Loyalty, terror, mercy and vengeance
The fruits of war
The royal succession, the royal family and the court
The selection and education of the crown-prince
The king and his learned advisers
The royal funeral
Queens and royal women
Royal children
The royal entourage
The organisation of the empire
The provinces
Manpower, conscription and taxation
Communications, commerce and prosperity
Cities and kings
9e: The fall of Assyria
Problems of evidence
Reconstructing Assyria's demise
Notes
Chapter 10: Anatolia c. 900ꟷc. 550
10a: The kingdom of Urartu
Location, exploration, origins and sources
The physical environment
Historical outline
The Urartian state
10b: Phrygia and Lydia
Phrygia
Lydia
Notes
Chapter 11: Babylonia c. 900ꟷ539
11a: Introduction
The sources
The population of Babylonia
11b: c. 900ꟷ705
Co-operation and conflict: Babylonia and Assyria c. 900ꟷ747
The Assyrian conquest of Babylonia: 747ꟷ705
11c: Babylonia under Assyrian rule: 705ꟷ627
Sennacherib and Babylon
Babylon restored
Civil war and economic recovery
11d: The Neo-Babylonian dynasty (626ꟷ539)
Nabopolassar and the 'War of Liberation'
The reign of Nebuchadnezzar II (604ꟷ562)
Nebuchadnezzar II's successors
Nabonidus and Cyrus of Persia
11e: The Neo-Babylonian empire
11f: The cities of Babylonia in the Late Babylonian period
Notes
Chapter 12: Egypt c.100ꟷ525
12a: The Third Intermediate Period: dynasties XXI-XXV (1069ꟷ664)
Chronology and sources
Historical outline
The Napatan kingdom
The Assyrian invasions of Egypt (674ꟷ664)
12b: The Saite period (dynasty XXVI: 664ꟷ525)
General observations
The foundation of dynasty XXVI
Egypt united
Frontiers and defence
Amasis
Notes
Chapter 13: The Achaemenid Empire (c. 550ꟷ330)
13a: The sources
13b: Persians and Medes
13c: The formation of the empire
Cyrus the Great
The conquest of Egypt
The crisis of empire
13d: Achaemenid history and its problems
The reign of Darius I
The western front, 486ꟷ431
Darius II and Artaxerxes II
Artaxerxes III and the reconqucst of Egypt
The fall of the Persian empire
13e: The structure of the Achaemenid empire
The ideology of kingship
Royal rituals
The king, the court and the Persian nobility
Satrapics and subjects
Provinces and central control
Roads
Land, labour and manpower
Persian government, local autonomy and local traditions
Notes
Bibliography
Index