Extrapolating from animal data, at the level at which well-controlled occupational exposure to toluene vapor is encountered, in utero exposure does not pose a significant fetal risk. However, following chronic and excessive industrial accidents or intentional abuse, toluene exposure several orders o
Teratogen update: Congenital rubella
β Scribed by Webster, William S.
- Book ID
- 101221720
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 1998
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 307 KB
- Volume
- 58
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0040-3709
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
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## Abstract **BACKGROUND**: Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) has long been characterized by the triad of deafness, cataract, and cardiovascular malformations (CVMs). While initial reports identified patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) as the primary CVM in CRS, the exact nature of the CVMs found in CRS