System Dynamics: Modeling, Simulation, and Response

✍ Scribed by Osama Gad

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2024
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 535
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

System Dynamics: Modeling, Simulation, and Response covers linearity-based modeling techniques before delving into nonlinear systems. It compares the Bond Graph technique against traditional techniques (Newton's law, Kirchhoff's law, the law of the conservation of energy, and the heat transfer law).

Presenting transient response analyses of first- and second-order systems subjected to various inputs, the book provides a thorough discussion of computational analyses of transient responses using MATLAB®/Simulink and 20-sim software. It introduces the Lagrangian method and its application in handling mechanical and electrical systems. The book reviews the classical method for solving differential equations and includes Laplace transforms.

The book is intended for upper-level undergraduate mechanical and aerospace engineering students taking system dynamics courses.

Instructors will be able to utilize a Solutions Manual and Figure Slides for their courses.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1. Modeling
1.1.1. Model building approaches
1.1.2. Dynamic continuous models
1.1.2.1. Lumped-parameter models
1.1.2.2. Distributed-parameter models
1.2. Simulation
1.3. Response (System Analysis)
Chapter 2: Mechanical Systems
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Mass (Inertia) Element
2.3. Equivalent Mass
2.4. Spring Element
2.4.1. Equivalent spring
2.4.1.1. Springs in parallel
2.4.1.2. Springs in series
2.5. Damper Element
2.5.1. Equivalent damper
2.5.1.1. Dampers in parallel
2.5.1.2. Dampers in series
2.6. Force and Motion Inputs
2.7. Dynamic Modeling of Mechanical Systems
2.7.1. Storage forces
2.7.2. Dissipative forces
2.8. Problems
Chapter 3: Bond Graph Modeling Technique
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Bond Graph Structures
3.2.1. Bonds
3.2.2. Power flow direction
3.2.3. Variables
3.2.3.1. Power variables
3.2.3.2. Energy variables
3.2.4. Ports
3.2.5. Junctions representations in mechanical systems
3.3. Causality
3.4. Causality of 1-port Element
3.4.1. Source of effort causality
3.4.2. Source of flow causality
3.4.3. Inertia causality
3.4.4. Capacitance causality
3.4.5. Resistance causality
3.5. Causality of 2-ports Element
3.5.1. Transformer causality
3.5.2. Gyrator causality
3.6. Causality of Multi-ports Element
3.6.1. 1-junction causality
3.6.2. 0-junction causality
3.7. Bond Graph Construction for Mechanical System
3.8. How to Assign Causality for a Bond Graph Model
3.9. State Equations from Bond Graphs Model
3.10. Formulating Differential Equations from Bond Graphs Model
3.10.1. Key variables
3.10.2. Constitutive relations
3.11. Derivative Causality
3.12. Equations Formulation When Derivative Causality Occurs
3.13. Algebraic Loops
3.14. Problems
Chapter 4: Electrical Systems
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Electrical System Elements
4.2.1. Inductance element
4.2.2. Capacitance element
4.2.3. Resistance element
4.2.4. Current and voltage sources
4.3. Dynamic Modeling of Electrical Systems
4.3.1. Equivalent resistance
4.3.1.1. Resistances in parallel
4.3.1.2. Resistances in series
4.3.2. Equivalent capacitor
4.3.2.1. Capacitors in parallel
4.3.2.2. Capacitors in series
4.3.3. Equivalent inductor
4.3.3.1. Inductors in parallel
4.3.3.2. Inductors in series
4.3.4. Electrical transformer model
4.3.5. Operational amplifier model
4.3.6. Multi-domain system modeling
4.4. Analogous Systems
4.4.1. Mechanical-electrical analogies
4.4.2. Electrical-mechanical analogies
4.5. Bond Graph Constructions of Electrical Systems
4.5.1. Junctions representations in electrical systems
4.5.2. Causality for Bond Graph model of electrical system
4.6. Multi-domain Systems Modeling through Bond Graph Technique
4.7. Derivative Causality in Electrical Systems
4.8. Algebraic Loops in Electrical Systems
4.9. Problems
Chapter 5: Fluid and Thermal Systems
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Liquid-level Systems
5.2.1. Liquid resistance
5.2.2. Junction representations of the liquid resistance
5.2.3. Liquid compliance
5.2.4. Junction representations of the liquid compliance.
5.2.5. Liquid inertance
5.2.6. Junction representations of the liquid inertance
5.2.7. Liquid sources: Pressure and flow
5.2.8. Junction representations of the liquid sources
5.2.9. Dynamic modeling of liquid-level systems
5.2.10. Bond Graph construction for liquid-level systems
5.3. Pneumatic Systems
5.3.1. Pneumatic resistance
5.3.2. Junction representation of the pneumatic resistance
5.3.3. Pneumatic capacitance
5.3.4. Junction representations of the pneumatic capacitance
5.3.5. Pneumatic sources: Pressure and flow
5.3.6. Junction representations of the pneumatic sources
5.3.7. Dynamic modeling of pneumatic systems
5.3.8. Bond Graph construction for pneumatic systems
5.4. Hydraulic systems
5.4.1. Hydraulic resistance
5.4.2. Junction representation of the hydraulic resistance
5.4.3. Hydraulic capacitance
5.4.4. Junction representation of the hydraulic capacitance
5.4.5. Hydraulic inertance
5.4.6. Junction representations of the oil inertance and resistance
5.4.7. Hydraulic sources: Pressure and flow
5.4.8. Junction representations of the hydraulic sources
5.4.9. Dynamic modeling of a hydraulic servo system
5.4.10. Bond Graph constructions for hydraulic systems
5.5. Thermal Systems
5.5.1. Thermal resistance
5.5.1.1. Conduction mode
5.5.1.2. Convection mode
5.5.1.3. Conduction and convection modes
5.5.2. Thermal capacitance
5.5.3. Thermal sources: Temperature and heat flow
5.5.4. Dynamic modeling of thermal systems
5.5.5. Bond Graph constructions for thermal systems
5.5.5.1. Thermal resistance element and 1-junction
5.5.5.2. Thermal capacitor element and 0-junction:
5.6. Problems
Chapter 6: Lagrange Technique
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Lagrange’s Equations of Motion of Mechanical Systems
6.3. Systems with Non-conservative Elements
6.4. Rayleigh Dissipation Function
6.5. Lagrangian Method Applied to Electrical Systems
6.6. Problems
Chapter 7: System Differential Equations Solution
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Classical Method (Constant-coefficients Method)
7.2.1. Complementary function part (homogeneous solution)
7.2.2. Particular function part (non-homogeneous solution)
7.2.3. Generating the classical solution of a differential equation using MATLAB®
7.3. Laplace Transform Method
7.3.1. Transform and frequency domain methods
7.3.1.1. Inverse transforms
7.3.1.2. Inverse Laplace transforms using
7.3.1.3. Laplace and inverse Laplace transforms using MATALB
7.3.1.4. Inverse Laplace transforms using residue partial fraction expansion (method of residues)
7.3.1.5. Method of residues using MATLAB
7.3.2. Solution of differential equations
7.4. Problems
Chapter 8: Dynamic System Responses
8.1. Introduction
8.2. First-order Systems
8.2.1. First-order mechanical systems
8.2.1.1. First-order system includes a mass element
8.2.1.2. First-order system without mass element
8.2.2. First-order system analyses
8.2.2.1. System includes a mass element
8.2.2.2. First-order system response to step input
8.2.2.3. First-order system response to impulse input
8.2.2.4. First-order system response to ramp input
8.2.2.5. First-order system does not include a mass element
8.2.2.6. Steady-state error
8.2.3. First-order electrical systems
8.2.4. First-order liquid-level systems
8.2.5. First-order pneumatic systems
8.2.6. First-order thermal systems
8.3. Second-order Systems
8.3.1. Second-order mechanical systems
8.3.1.1. Second-order mechanical system formed from two first-order subsystems
8.3.1.2. Second-order mechanical system formed independently
8.3.2. Second-order system response to step input
8.3.3. Transient response specifications of second-order systems
8.3.4. Second-order system response to impulse input
8.3.5. Second-order system response to ramp input (linear input function)
8.3.6. Second-order electrical systems
8.3.6.1. Second-order electrical system formed independently
8.3.6.2. Second-order electrical system formed from two first-order systems
8.3.7. Second-order liquid-level systems
8.3.8. Second-order thermal systems
8.3.9. Bond Graph simulation of the system response
8.4. Problems
Chapter 9: Frequency Response
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Frequency Response Concept
9.2.1. Particular solution
9.2.1.1. First-order system
9.2.1.2. Second-order system
9.2.2. Transfer function
9.2.2.1. First-order system
9.2.2.2. Second-order system
9.3. Magnitude-Phase Form of General Transfer Function
9.4. Bode Plotting Techniques
9.5. System Characteristics Using Bode Plots
9.5.1. Gain margin
9.5.2. Phase margin
9.5.3. System stability
9.6. Estimating the Transfer Function from Experimental Bode Plot
9.7. Problems
Chapter 10: Nonlinear Dynamic Systems
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Linear and Nonlinear Systems
10.3. Bond Graph Modulated Elements
10.3.1. Active bond
10.3.2. Modulated Bond Graph elements MC and MR
10.3.3. Modulated 1-port elements MSE and MSF (modulated sources)
10.3.4. Modulated 2-ports elements MTF and MGY
10.4. Problems
Index