Gd 2 O 3 :Eu 3 + (0.5-8.0 mol%) nanophosphors have been prepared by low temperature solution combustion method using metal nitrates as oxidizers and oxalyl dihydrazide (ODH) as a fuel. The phosphors are well characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and photoluminescence (PL) techniques. PXRD patterns of as-formed and calcined (800 1C, 3 h) Gd 2 O 3 powders exhibit monoclinic phase with mean crystallite sizes ranging from 20 to 50 nm. Eu 3 + doping changes the structure from monoclinic to mixed phase of monoclinic and cubic. SEM micrographs shows the products are foamy, agglomerated and fluffy in nature due to the large amount of gases liberated during combustion reaction. Upon 254 nm excitation the photoluminescence of the Gd 2 O 3 :Eu 3 + particles show red emission at 611 nm corresponding to 5 D 0 -7 F 2 transition. It is observed that PL intensity increases with calcination temperature. This might be attributed to better crystallization and eliminates the defects, which serve as centers of non-radiative relaxation for nanomaterials. It is observed that the optical energy gap (E g ) is widened with increase Eu 3 + content.